Molecular and General Genetics.
... lactate or malate as the carbon source and 20 mM NH4Cl as previously described (Galimand et al. 1989). To ensure that the Trp auxotrophs grew, 10 lg/ml Trp was added to the culture medium. To compare the eect of the various carbon sources, the concentration of the organic acid was adjusted to 34 mM ...
... lactate or malate as the carbon source and 20 mM NH4Cl as previously described (Galimand et al. 1989). To ensure that the Trp auxotrophs grew, 10 lg/ml Trp was added to the culture medium. To compare the eect of the various carbon sources, the concentration of the organic acid was adjusted to 34 mM ...
CHAPTER 2 Nitric oxide inhibits glycogen synthesis in - UvA-DARE
... NaCll in the Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium was decreased from 120 to 700 mM (12). To check that the inhibitory effects of SNAP on metabolism were owingg to NO and not to the presence of the other part of the molecule, control experimentss were carried out in the presence of the parent compound ...
... NaCll in the Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium was decreased from 120 to 700 mM (12). To check that the inhibitory effects of SNAP on metabolism were owingg to NO and not to the presence of the other part of the molecule, control experimentss were carried out in the presence of the parent compound ...
Characterization of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene
... 2% acetate, or 2% lactate as the carbon source, and harvested at the exponential growth phase. The lowest specific activity was found in cells grown on glucose minimal medium (Table 1). The activity was about twofold higher when the cells were grown on acetate and about threefold higher when the cel ...
... 2% acetate, or 2% lactate as the carbon source, and harvested at the exponential growth phase. The lowest specific activity was found in cells grown on glucose minimal medium (Table 1). The activity was about twofold higher when the cells were grown on acetate and about threefold higher when the cel ...
bacterial hemoglobin proteins - ETH E-Collection
... Expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides): an attempt to improve growth of an economically relevant tree species ...
... Expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides): an attempt to improve growth of an economically relevant tree species ...
Acetate formation in the photoheterotrophic bacterium Chloroflexus
... specific for acetate-forming Archaea. ACD, which was induced 10-fold during growth on glucose, was purified and the encoding gene was identified as Caur_3920. The recombinant enzyme, a homotetrameric 300-kDa protein composed of 75-kDa subunits, was characterized as functional ACD. Substrate specific ...
... specific for acetate-forming Archaea. ACD, which was induced 10-fold during growth on glucose, was purified and the encoding gene was identified as Caur_3920. The recombinant enzyme, a homotetrameric 300-kDa protein composed of 75-kDa subunits, was characterized as functional ACD. Substrate specific ...
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS PARKLAND
... Glucose " FFA, and ketones inhibit glucagon release from isolated islets of Langerhans in vitro (48 , 49) . In vivo and in vitro work suggest that the alpha cells are , in the basal state _, "set 1 tosecrete .. just as the beta cells are "set" not to secrete . Just as nutrients are required to turn ...
... Glucose " FFA, and ketones inhibit glucagon release from isolated islets of Langerhans in vitro (48 , 49) . In vivo and in vitro work suggest that the alpha cells are , in the basal state _, "set 1 tosecrete .. just as the beta cells are "set" not to secrete . Just as nutrients are required to turn ...
The effect of short chain fatty acids on glucose homeostasis
... pronounced after oral administration of milk replacer than after intake of a solution of glucose or lactose and glucose at the same sugar level as the milk replacer in a study of Hostettler-Allen et al. (1994). However, only in the first 180 minutes the plasma glucose level was higher after glucose ...
... pronounced after oral administration of milk replacer than after intake of a solution of glucose or lactose and glucose at the same sugar level as the milk replacer in a study of Hostettler-Allen et al. (1994). However, only in the first 180 minutes the plasma glucose level was higher after glucose ...
An Investigation of Acetobacter aceti N5
... carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR). A series of mutants was made to explore the role of two conserved histidines. A pH-rate comparison of AaPurE and the active mutant AaPurE-H59D was used to identify His59 as the key active site acid/base residue. The thermostability of Escherichia coli Pu ...
... carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR). A series of mutants was made to explore the role of two conserved histidines. A pH-rate comparison of AaPurE and the active mutant AaPurE-H59D was used to identify His59 as the key active site acid/base residue. The thermostability of Escherichia coli Pu ...
Impaired Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mouse Livers Lacking
... offspring (5). Most surprisingly, the liver-specific deletion of cytosolic PEPCK yielded a phenotype that, except during fasting and exercise, was virtually indistinguishable from control mice (5, 6). Even after a 24-h fast, when liver glycogen is depleted and flux through liver PEPCK should be esse ...
... offspring (5). Most surprisingly, the liver-specific deletion of cytosolic PEPCK yielded a phenotype that, except during fasting and exercise, was virtually indistinguishable from control mice (5, 6). Even after a 24-h fast, when liver glycogen is depleted and flux through liver PEPCK should be esse ...
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway
... reactions. A bacterium such as Escherichia coli can obtain from glucose the carbon skeletons for every amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, fatty acid, or other metabolic intermediate it needs for growth. A comprehensive study of the metabolic fates of glucose would encompass hundreds or thousands of t ...
... reactions. A bacterium such as Escherichia coli can obtain from glucose the carbon skeletons for every amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, fatty acid, or other metabolic intermediate it needs for growth. A comprehensive study of the metabolic fates of glucose would encompass hundreds or thousands of t ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
Postprandial Serum Fructose Levels in Patients Tested
... French SA. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2 ...
... French SA. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2 ...
Research Interest
... French SA. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2 ...
... French SA. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2 ...
principles of metabolic regulation: glucose and glycogen
... pentose phosphates, or hydrolysis to glucose and phosphate to replenish blood glucose. In fact, glucose 6-phosphate has a number of other possible fates; it may, for example, be used to synthesize other sugars, such as glucosamine, galactose, galactosamine, fucose, and neuraminic acid, for use in pr ...
... pentose phosphates, or hydrolysis to glucose and phosphate to replenish blood glucose. In fact, glucose 6-phosphate has a number of other possible fates; it may, for example, be used to synthesize other sugars, such as glucosamine, galactose, galactosamine, fucose, and neuraminic acid, for use in pr ...
- Opus
... Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption. The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intes ...
... Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption. The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intes ...
On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate
... residual glucose in the medium (> 20 mM) was determined enzymatically. On 100 mM acetate and 100 mM acetate + 100 mM propionate all strains, with the exception of strain SMB/acuA, were grown for 36 and 41 h, respectively. To determine enzyme activities during growth on 100 mM propionate, we added 10 ...
... residual glucose in the medium (> 20 mM) was determined enzymatically. On 100 mM acetate and 100 mM acetate + 100 mM propionate all strains, with the exception of strain SMB/acuA, were grown for 36 and 41 h, respectively. To determine enzyme activities during growth on 100 mM propionate, we added 10 ...
Comparative genomics of unintrogressed Campylobacter coli clades 2 and 3
... score ratio (BSR). The BSR was computed as previously described [57]. For each dataset, the BLAST raw score for each C. coli tCDS against itself was stored as the Reference score. Each C. coli tCDS was then compared to each tCDS of the C. coli 76339 predicted proteome with each best BLAST raw score ...
... score ratio (BSR). The BSR was computed as previously described [57]. For each dataset, the BLAST raw score for each C. coli tCDS against itself was stored as the Reference score. Each C. coli tCDS was then compared to each tCDS of the C. coli 76339 predicted proteome with each best BLAST raw score ...
Chlamydia Exploit the Mammalian Tryptophan-Depletion
... transporters of the TyrP family that have high-Trp content. Thus, import of Trp is self-limiting in ...
... transporters of the TyrP family that have high-Trp content. Thus, import of Trp is self-limiting in ...
evidence for nonsense mutations in the arom gene
... the four structural genes for which mutants are available in the arom cluster. These results are consistent with the conclusion that some non-complementing pleiotropic arom mutants are a consequence of nonsense mutations within the proximal structural gene (arom-2) of the arom gene cluster resulting ...
... the four structural genes for which mutants are available in the arom cluster. These results are consistent with the conclusion that some non-complementing pleiotropic arom mutants are a consequence of nonsense mutations within the proximal structural gene (arom-2) of the arom gene cluster resulting ...
Metabolism
... some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to the cells. Metabolism | # 2 ...
... some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to the cells. Metabolism | # 2 ...
The Genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus
... possibility of false-negative reactions due to PCR inhibitors that might be present in some foods. Several conventional procedures for isolating S. aureus from foods are described below. Nonselective Enrichment Procedures It is often necessary to use nonselective enrichment procedures for the detect ...
... possibility of false-negative reactions due to PCR inhibitors that might be present in some foods. Several conventional procedures for isolating S. aureus from foods are described below. Nonselective Enrichment Procedures It is often necessary to use nonselective enrichment procedures for the detect ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and the regulation of glucose oxidation in
... 2.4.1.2. Active PDC Tissue homogenates were prepared as for total PDC except that homogenization buffer also contained NaF (50 mmol / l) to inhibit PDP. Assay incubations, quenching by acidification, and then neutralization were all as described for total PDC activity, except that no incubation with ...
... 2.4.1.2. Active PDC Tissue homogenates were prepared as for total PDC except that homogenization buffer also contained NaF (50 mmol / l) to inhibit PDP. Assay incubations, quenching by acidification, and then neutralization were all as described for total PDC activity, except that no incubation with ...
inclusion of a glycogen regulation mathematical model into a
... biochemical processes that make up metabolic pathways are regulated on many levels, such as by metabolites, hormones and enzymes, and also at a pre-protein level through transcription. While the model developed here does not include all levels of metabolic ...
... biochemical processes that make up metabolic pathways are regulated on many levels, such as by metabolites, hormones and enzymes, and also at a pre-protein level through transcription. While the model developed here does not include all levels of metabolic ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
Influence of Aerobic and Phototrophic Growth
... differed with respect to 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) dehydratase activity: this could not be detected in R . sphaeroides strain 1760-1, but was easily detected in R. sphaeroides strain ATCC 17023. Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain I 760- I was therefore designated as the 6-PG dehydratase- strain. Ne ...
... differed with respect to 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) dehydratase activity: this could not be detected in R . sphaeroides strain 1760-1, but was easily detected in R. sphaeroides strain ATCC 17023. Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain I 760- I was therefore designated as the 6-PG dehydratase- strain. Ne ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.