The Effect of a Limited Supply of Phenylalanine, Threonine, or
... The cellular protein of rumen bacteria and protozoa is collectively referred to as rumen microbial protein. The synthesis of microbial protein depends on the amount of RDP, including the supply of AA and peptides, and availability of fermentable carbohydrates. Fermentation of carbohydrates provides ...
... The cellular protein of rumen bacteria and protozoa is collectively referred to as rumen microbial protein. The synthesis of microbial protein depends on the amount of RDP, including the supply of AA and peptides, and availability of fermentable carbohydrates. Fermentation of carbohydrates provides ...
Bacterial hemoglobins and flavohemoglobins: versatile proteins and
... Globins are encountered in all ¢ve kingdoms of life and are assigned to vertebrate and non-vertebrate Hb classes. The latter group includes the Hbs present in plants, fungi and protozoa. The common characteristic of all Hb proteins is their ability to reversibly bind oxygen. Although the alignment o ...
... Globins are encountered in all ¢ve kingdoms of life and are assigned to vertebrate and non-vertebrate Hb classes. The latter group includes the Hbs present in plants, fungi and protozoa. The common characteristic of all Hb proteins is their ability to reversibly bind oxygen. Although the alignment o ...
The relevance of carbon dioxide metabolism in
... DcarB. The DcarB gene was obtained by PCR, as previously described (Arioli et al., 2007; Mora et al., 2004). Briefly, DNA fragments located upstream and downstream of the 1687 bp deletion were independently amplified using CarB1–CarB2 and CarB3–CarB4 primer pairs (CarB1, 59-CTATTATCATTGGTCAGGCT-39; ...
... DcarB. The DcarB gene was obtained by PCR, as previously described (Arioli et al., 2007; Mora et al., 2004). Briefly, DNA fragments located upstream and downstream of the 1687 bp deletion were independently amplified using CarB1–CarB2 and CarB3–CarB4 primer pairs (CarB1, 59-CTATTATCATTGGTCAGGCT-39; ...
Regulation of Exogenous and Endogenous Glucose Metabolism by
... metabolic fuels to myocardial energy production (1). Glucose plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Furt ...
... metabolic fuels to myocardial energy production (1). Glucose plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Furt ...
Landick R, Yanofsky C. 1987. Transcription
... termination in the leader regions of amino acid biosynthetic operons rapidly gained overwhelming experimental support. In the ensuing years a substantial body of information has been gathered establishing that transcription attenuation is commonly used to regulate amino acid biosynthetic operons (13 ...
... termination in the leader regions of amino acid biosynthetic operons rapidly gained overwhelming experimental support. In the ensuing years a substantial body of information has been gathered establishing that transcription attenuation is commonly used to regulate amino acid biosynthetic operons (13 ...
Metabolism of lactate and sugars by dairy propionibacteria: A
... cycle, but can not grow under normal atmospheric oxygen pressure. The proportions of propionate acetate and CO2 produced vary depending on the strain used and this can be explained, to sorne extent, by their relative ability to utilise pyruvate via reactions of the citrate cycle. The physicochemical ...
... cycle, but can not grow under normal atmospheric oxygen pressure. The proportions of propionate acetate and CO2 produced vary depending on the strain used and this can be explained, to sorne extent, by their relative ability to utilise pyruvate via reactions of the citrate cycle. The physicochemical ...
Absorption, hepatic metabolism and mammary
... This thesis was completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the European Master of Sustainable Animal Nutrition and Feeding (EM-SANF). This is an European program coordinated by Wageningen University in a consortium with Aarhus University, Debrecen University and EI Purpan. A full schola ...
... This thesis was completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the European Master of Sustainable Animal Nutrition and Feeding (EM-SANF). This is an European program coordinated by Wageningen University in a consortium with Aarhus University, Debrecen University and EI Purpan. A full schola ...
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp
... Despite research into the nutritional requirements of Helicobacter pylori, little is known regarding its use of complex substrates, such as peptides. Analysis of genome sequences revealed putative ABC-type transporter genes for dipeptide (dppABCDF) and oligopeptide (oppABCD) transport. Genes from ea ...
... Despite research into the nutritional requirements of Helicobacter pylori, little is known regarding its use of complex substrates, such as peptides. Analysis of genome sequences revealed putative ABC-type transporter genes for dipeptide (dppABCDF) and oligopeptide (oppABCD) transport. Genes from ea ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Staphylococcus
... Regulation of the icaADBC operon is complex, involving at least two DNA binding proteins (IcaR and SarA) and the alternative sigma factor B. IcaR binds immediately 5⬘ to the icaA transcriptional start site and represses transcription of the ica operon (9, 29). SarA is an essential positive effector ...
... Regulation of the icaADBC operon is complex, involving at least two DNA binding proteins (IcaR and SarA) and the alternative sigma factor B. IcaR binds immediately 5⬘ to the icaA transcriptional start site and represses transcription of the ica operon (9, 29). SarA is an essential positive effector ...
AngelasPPT
... MOI for 1 hour (to allow one round of infection) Why at high MOI? So each cell can be infected by both mutants am2- ...
... MOI for 1 hour (to allow one round of infection) Why at high MOI? So each cell can be infected by both mutants am2- ...
E. coli
... potency of these peptides. In addition, the turn imposed by the proline residue at position 12 is not absolutely required for receptor occupancy or activation of the biochemical cascade that results in intestinal secretion. However, it significantly increases the potency of the toxin ...
... potency of these peptides. In addition, the turn imposed by the proline residue at position 12 is not absolutely required for receptor occupancy or activation of the biochemical cascade that results in intestinal secretion. However, it significantly increases the potency of the toxin ...
Kinetics of growth and sugar consumption in yeasts 63: 343-352, 1993.
... yeasts' as hosts for heterologous gene expression, including broader substrate specificity, availability of strong inducible promoters, absence of aerobic alcoholic fermentation (i.e. absence of the Crabtree effect), etc. However, a major factor, decisive for the use of alternative yeasts in commerc ...
... yeasts' as hosts for heterologous gene expression, including broader substrate specificity, availability of strong inducible promoters, absence of aerobic alcoholic fermentation (i.e. absence of the Crabtree effect), etc. However, a major factor, decisive for the use of alternative yeasts in commerc ...
Characterization of the mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of
... diVerent temperatures (20–37°C) and initial pH (pH 4–10). Then, the eVect of the nature of carbon source was tested by growth under optimal pH and temperature conditions on NBRIP broth without any carbon source added or in the presence of one of the following carbon sources: glucose, galactose, glyc ...
... diVerent temperatures (20–37°C) and initial pH (pH 4–10). Then, the eVect of the nature of carbon source was tested by growth under optimal pH and temperature conditions on NBRIP broth without any carbon source added or in the presence of one of the following carbon sources: glucose, galactose, glyc ...
Global transcriptional control by glucose and
... butyric acid or butanol and of certain amino acids like cysteine or proline (14). This indicates a correlation between environmental signals and virulence factors regulation. The transcription of tcdA and tcdB is also repressed by the presence of rapidly metabolizable carbohydrates, such as glucose ...
... butyric acid or butanol and of certain amino acids like cysteine or proline (14). This indicates a correlation between environmental signals and virulence factors regulation. The transcription of tcdA and tcdB is also repressed by the presence of rapidly metabolizable carbohydrates, such as glucose ...
File
... molecular level. The application of new experimental techniques for the isolation and manipulation of specific fragments of DNA has greatly increased our understanding of the processes responsible for the replication and expression of genetic information. Furthermore, the ability to isolate a specif ...
... molecular level. The application of new experimental techniques for the isolation and manipulation of specific fragments of DNA has greatly increased our understanding of the processes responsible for the replication and expression of genetic information. Furthermore, the ability to isolate a specif ...
Substrate specificity of the periplasmic dipeptide
... substrates containing up to about six amino acid residues. Opp is encoded by five genes, oppABCDF (Hiles et al., 1987), and is a member of the periplasmicbinding-protein-dependent family of traffic ATPases (Ames et al., 1990). The crystal structure of the binding protein, OppA, has been reported (Ta ...
... substrates containing up to about six amino acid residues. Opp is encoded by five genes, oppABCDF (Hiles et al., 1987), and is a member of the periplasmicbinding-protein-dependent family of traffic ATPases (Ames et al., 1990). The crystal structure of the binding protein, OppA, has been reported (Ta ...
1554-1563
... 2008), environmental factors (Leal-Sánchez et al., 2002; Motta and Brandelli, 2008), and other growth conditions. De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) is the standard culture media for lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but its high cost limits its suitability for industrial-scale production. MRS has ever been u ...
... 2008), environmental factors (Leal-Sánchez et al., 2002; Motta and Brandelli, 2008), and other growth conditions. De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) is the standard culture media for lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but its high cost limits its suitability for industrial-scale production. MRS has ever been u ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... In aqueous solutions, CO2 exists primarily as HCO3⫺, which is activated to carboxyphosphate by the addition of a phosphate group from ATP. This activated CO2 is subsequently bonded to the biotin ring attached to pyruvate carboxylase to form the carboxybiotin–enzyme intermediate (see Figure 16.2). Ho ...
... In aqueous solutions, CO2 exists primarily as HCO3⫺, which is activated to carboxyphosphate by the addition of a phosphate group from ATP. This activated CO2 is subsequently bonded to the biotin ring attached to pyruvate carboxylase to form the carboxybiotin–enzyme intermediate (see Figure 16.2). Ho ...
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP
... pairs of primers (IGFBP-2a-f, IGFBP-2a-r and IGFBP2b-f, IGFBP-2b-r) were designed in non-conservative region for cloning and verifying the partial fragment of P. olivaceus IGFBP-2. In PCR amplification, 1 lL cDNA template, 2 lL of 109 Ex Taq buffer, 1.6 lL of dNTP (2.5 mM of each), 1 lL of the forwa ...
... pairs of primers (IGFBP-2a-f, IGFBP-2a-r and IGFBP2b-f, IGFBP-2b-r) were designed in non-conservative region for cloning and verifying the partial fragment of P. olivaceus IGFBP-2. In PCR amplification, 1 lL cDNA template, 2 lL of 109 Ex Taq buffer, 1.6 lL of dNTP (2.5 mM of each), 1 lL of the forwa ...
Biochemistry and biosynthesis of insect pigments
... Key words. Chemochromes, colouration, pathway, insect pigment Abstract. The functional role and commercial importance of insect pigments have been studied for well over a century. They are classified into those synthesized by insects, which include anthraquinones, aphins, pterins, tetrapyrroles, omm ...
... Key words. Chemochromes, colouration, pathway, insect pigment Abstract. The functional role and commercial importance of insect pigments have been studied for well over a century. They are classified into those synthesized by insects, which include anthraquinones, aphins, pterins, tetrapyrroles, omm ...
Pyruvic Acid and Formic Acid Metabolism in Sarcina
... electrode and ports for alkali addition and gas exit. A tap fitted near the base allowed samples to be taken throughout growth. Immediately after autoclaving the solution was cooled to 30' and sterile glucose solution (60 g. in 200 ml. water) added. An inoculum ( I to 5 %, v/v) of an actively gassin ...
... electrode and ports for alkali addition and gas exit. A tap fitted near the base allowed samples to be taken throughout growth. Immediately after autoclaving the solution was cooled to 30' and sterile glucose solution (60 g. in 200 ml. water) added. An inoculum ( I to 5 %, v/v) of an actively gassin ...
Comparative transcriptomics reveals key gene expression
... Cultures of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis were maintained in steady-state at a dissolved oxygen tension of 10 % (equivalent to 50 % air saturation) at a dilution rate of 0.03 h21, giving a constant mean generation time of 23 h. The mean OD540 and viable counts for three M. bovis cultures (Mb1–3) unde ...
... Cultures of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis were maintained in steady-state at a dissolved oxygen tension of 10 % (equivalent to 50 % air saturation) at a dilution rate of 0.03 h21, giving a constant mean generation time of 23 h. The mean OD540 and viable counts for three M. bovis cultures (Mb1–3) unde ...
University of Groningen Stress responses and sugar metabolism in
... In addition to these phosphoproteins also low molecular weight molecules such as NADP, glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (FBP) can modulate either DNA‐ binding properties or the interaction with the transcriptional machinery of the CcpA‐(HPr‐ Ser ...
... In addition to these phosphoproteins also low molecular weight molecules such as NADP, glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (FBP) can modulate either DNA‐ binding properties or the interaction with the transcriptional machinery of the CcpA‐(HPr‐ Ser ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... Hexokinase, then, catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to a variety of six-carbon sugars (hexoses), such as glucose and mannose. Hexokinase, as well as all other kinases, requires Mg2⫹ (or another divalent metal ion such as Mn2⫹) for activity. The divalent metal ion forms a complex ...
... Hexokinase, then, catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to a variety of six-carbon sugars (hexoses), such as glucose and mannose. Hexokinase, as well as all other kinases, requires Mg2⫹ (or another divalent metal ion such as Mn2⫹) for activity. The divalent metal ion forms a complex ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.