Whey Products - New Zealand Institute of Chemistry
... Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) is produced using ultrafiltration. This is also a membrane separation, but it selects on the basis of molecular size and is driven by pressure rather than by applied electric field as in the case of electrodialysis. Ultrafiltration retains (in the liquid product termed ...
... Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) is produced using ultrafiltration. This is also a membrane separation, but it selects on the basis of molecular size and is driven by pressure rather than by applied electric field as in the case of electrodialysis. Ultrafiltration retains (in the liquid product termed ...
3-Glycolysis BCH340
... It phosphorylates glucose inside the body cells. This makes glucose concentration more in blood than inside the cells. This leads to continuous supply of glucose for the tissues even in the presence of low blood glucose concentration. ...
... It phosphorylates glucose inside the body cells. This makes glucose concentration more in blood than inside the cells. This leads to continuous supply of glucose for the tissues even in the presence of low blood glucose concentration. ...
Ligand Binding and Allosteric Regulation
... • Different globin genes expressed at different times in embryonic development encoding different Hb subunits, with O2 binding properties tailored to embryo's needs • Last ~2/3 of fetal life: predominant form of Hb present is a2g2. - g chains are being made rather than chains. - vs. g : similar ...
... • Different globin genes expressed at different times in embryonic development encoding different Hb subunits, with O2 binding properties tailored to embryo's needs • Last ~2/3 of fetal life: predominant form of Hb present is a2g2. - g chains are being made rather than chains. - vs. g : similar ...
Case Study 5 Literature - Department of Chemistry
... Determination of KD Values for Effectors—Apparent KD values for effectors were calculated by following the decrease or increase of enzymatic activity with increasing concentrations of effector at 1 mM NAD1 and 2 mM D-GAP. CNBr Fragmentation and N-terminal Sequencing—Because the enzyme had been shown ...
... Determination of KD Values for Effectors—Apparent KD values for effectors were calculated by following the decrease or increase of enzymatic activity with increasing concentrations of effector at 1 mM NAD1 and 2 mM D-GAP. CNBr Fragmentation and N-terminal Sequencing—Because the enzyme had been shown ...
Gluconeogenesis
... The Cori Cycle operates during exercise. For a brief burst of ATP utilization, muscle cells utilize ~P stored as phosphocreatine. Once phosphocreatine is exhausted, ATP is provided mainly by Glycolysis, with the input coming from glycogen breakdown and from glucose uptake from the ...
... The Cori Cycle operates during exercise. For a brief burst of ATP utilization, muscle cells utilize ~P stored as phosphocreatine. Once phosphocreatine is exhausted, ATP is provided mainly by Glycolysis, with the input coming from glycogen breakdown and from glucose uptake from the ...
Dear Notetaker:
... Need to be able to use all the glucose that is coming in so it needs to work faster Once fructose 6 phosphate levels start to decline because glycolysis becomes more efficient PFK2 will no longer be active but fructose 2,6 biphosphotase will be active Fructose 2,6 biphosphate cannot be used fo ...
... Need to be able to use all the glucose that is coming in so it needs to work faster Once fructose 6 phosphate levels start to decline because glycolysis becomes more efficient PFK2 will no longer be active but fructose 2,6 biphosphotase will be active Fructose 2,6 biphosphate cannot be used fo ...
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate
... 256 amino acid polypeptide of 29.7 kDa. In contrast to some other genes involved in aromatic amino acid synthesis, the ARO7 gene is not regulated at the transcriptional level. It is not derepressed by the general amino acid control system, as no consensus for the GCN4 activator protein binding site ...
... 256 amino acid polypeptide of 29.7 kDa. In contrast to some other genes involved in aromatic amino acid synthesis, the ARO7 gene is not regulated at the transcriptional level. It is not derepressed by the general amino acid control system, as no consensus for the GCN4 activator protein binding site ...
A PEST-like Sequence in the N-Terminal Cytoplasmic Domain of
... domain along with specific point mutations were constructed. These include deletions of residues 2-30, 31-60, 61-90, 49-78, 49-60, and 61-78 and point mutations of the dileucine motif at residues 69 and 70 to alanine (see Figure 1). Plasmid-borne mutant alleles were transformed into strain CMY1050 a ...
... domain along with specific point mutations were constructed. These include deletions of residues 2-30, 31-60, 61-90, 49-78, 49-60, and 61-78 and point mutations of the dileucine motif at residues 69 and 70 to alanine (see Figure 1). Plasmid-borne mutant alleles were transformed into strain CMY1050 a ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose
... the following observations. (1) Inorganic phosphate was essential to fermentation; when the supply of phosphate was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all the glucose was used. (2) During fermentation under these conditions, ethanol, CO2, and a hexose bisphosphate accumulated. (3) When arsenate w ...
... the following observations. (1) Inorganic phosphate was essential to fermentation; when the supply of phosphate was exhausted, fermentation ceased before all the glucose was used. (2) During fermentation under these conditions, ethanol, CO2, and a hexose bisphosphate accumulated. (3) When arsenate w ...
Glucose metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi
... l‑alanine [9]. Acetate, which is a product detected by enzymatic analysis of the culture medium [10], is probably a minor catabolite of glucose, originating mostly from amino acids and, perhaps, fatty acids, since its production from glucose followed by [13C]glucose NMR has been reported to be very ...
... l‑alanine [9]. Acetate, which is a product detected by enzymatic analysis of the culture medium [10], is probably a minor catabolite of glucose, originating mostly from amino acids and, perhaps, fatty acids, since its production from glucose followed by [13C]glucose NMR has been reported to be very ...
View/Open - VUW research archive - Victoria University of Wellington
... Conditions for extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins were established. One hundred and seventy nine proteins were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of protein spots excised from Coomassie stained gels. All of the enzymes for conversion of glucose to ethano ...
... Conditions for extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins were established. One hundred and seventy nine proteins were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of protein spots excised from Coomassie stained gels. All of the enzymes for conversion of glucose to ethano ...
Seminars in
... fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used preferentially to glucose as an alternative fuel; and (4) a normal endocrine system for integrating and modulating these processes. The major signals controlling the transition between fed a ...
... fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used preferentially to glucose as an alternative fuel; and (4) a normal endocrine system for integrating and modulating these processes. The major signals controlling the transition between fed a ...
Metabolism of sucrose and its five isomers by
... Fusobacterium mortiferum utilizes sucrose [glucose-fructose in α(1 2) linkage] and its five isomeric α-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses as energy sources for growth. Sucrose-grown cells are induced for both sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH) and fructokinase (FK), but the two enzymes are not expressed above ...
... Fusobacterium mortiferum utilizes sucrose [glucose-fructose in α(1 2) linkage] and its five isomeric α-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses as energy sources for growth. Sucrose-grown cells are induced for both sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase (S6PH) and fructokinase (FK), but the two enzymes are not expressed above ...
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than
... Biochemically, LuxR-type regulators exist in three classes. Classes 1 and 2 require AHL for folding while Class 3 does not. Further, while Class 1 regulators exhibit high affinities for their ligands, Class 2 and 3 regulators bind their ligands reversibly. Examples of Class 1, 2 and 3 regulators are ...
... Biochemically, LuxR-type regulators exist in three classes. Classes 1 and 2 require AHL for folding while Class 3 does not. Further, while Class 1 regulators exhibit high affinities for their ligands, Class 2 and 3 regulators bind their ligands reversibly. Examples of Class 1, 2 and 3 regulators are ...
FEBS Letters
... led to the identification of a 26.5 kbp locus on which a dxr homologous gene and two adjacent open reading frames organized in one operon were localized by DNA sequencing. The functionality of the gene was demonstrated expressing the gene in Escherichia coli and using the purified gene product in a ...
... led to the identification of a 26.5 kbp locus on which a dxr homologous gene and two adjacent open reading frames organized in one operon were localized by DNA sequencing. The functionality of the gene was demonstrated expressing the gene in Escherichia coli and using the purified gene product in a ...
Branched-chain amino acids improve glucose
... using isolated soleus muscle from the CCl4 rats revealed that leucine and isoleucine, but not valine, promoted glucose uptake under insulinfree conditions. To clarify the mechanism of the blood glucoselowering effects of BCAA, we collected soleus muscles from BCAAtreated CCl4 rats with or without a ...
... using isolated soleus muscle from the CCl4 rats revealed that leucine and isoleucine, but not valine, promoted glucose uptake under insulinfree conditions. To clarify the mechanism of the blood glucoselowering effects of BCAA, we collected soleus muscles from BCAAtreated CCl4 rats with or without a ...
Malonyl-CoA Signaling, Lipid Partitioning, and
... with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes are ketotic because of altered lipid metabolism (8). Diabetes may therefore be considered as much a lipid disorder as a disease of glucose tolerance (6,8). The endocrine pancreas is affected by hyperlipidemia, as chronic exposure of islet tissue to elevated FFA ...
... with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes are ketotic because of altered lipid metabolism (8). Diabetes may therefore be considered as much a lipid disorder as a disease of glucose tolerance (6,8). The endocrine pancreas is affected by hyperlipidemia, as chronic exposure of islet tissue to elevated FFA ...
Engineering primary metabolic pathways of industrial
... genes that confer a prominent phenotype when the responsible mutation(s) are anywhere on the genome, but not at the place of the coding gene itself. For example, over-expression of certain sigma factors enhanced protein production in stationary phase (Weikert et al., 2000). Screening of libraries to ...
... genes that confer a prominent phenotype when the responsible mutation(s) are anywhere on the genome, but not at the place of the coding gene itself. For example, over-expression of certain sigma factors enhanced protein production in stationary phase (Weikert et al., 2000). Screening of libraries to ...
Glycolysis
... It is coupled to cleavage of a high-energy metabolic intermediate (substrate). It may occur in cytosol or mitochondria Example: in glycolysis ATPs are produced ...
... It is coupled to cleavage of a high-energy metabolic intermediate (substrate). It may occur in cytosol or mitochondria Example: in glycolysis ATPs are produced ...
Metabolic flux profiling of recombinant protein secreting Pichia
... Pichia pastoris is an attractive system for the production of recombinant proteins [1–4]. Moreover, the development of systems biotechnology tools specific for this cell factory [5–10] has opened new opportunities for strain improvement and rational design of culture conditions. Several studies ...
... Pichia pastoris is an attractive system for the production of recombinant proteins [1–4]. Moreover, the development of systems biotechnology tools specific for this cell factory [5–10] has opened new opportunities for strain improvement and rational design of culture conditions. Several studies ...
2010 Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion
... » Activity greater in pre-ruminants than ruminants » Activity greater in concentrate selecting species than roughage selectors » Increases with glucose infusions – Transport at the basolateral membrane of epithelium is by facilitated diffusion using a GLUT2 transporter ...
... » Activity greater in pre-ruminants than ruminants » Activity greater in concentrate selecting species than roughage selectors » Increases with glucose infusions – Transport at the basolateral membrane of epithelium is by facilitated diffusion using a GLUT2 transporter ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... ropA encodes a 36-kDa outer membrane protein of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 248 which constitutes the low-Mr part of antigen group III (R. A. de Maagd, I. H. M. Mulders, H. C. J. Canter Cremers, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg, J. Bacteriol. 174:214–221, 1992). We observed that genes homologou ...
... ropA encodes a 36-kDa outer membrane protein of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 248 which constitutes the low-Mr part of antigen group III (R. A. de Maagd, I. H. M. Mulders, H. C. J. Canter Cremers, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg, J. Bacteriol. 174:214–221, 1992). We observed that genes homologou ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.