Effects of Oxygen Supply and Mixed Sugar Concentration on D
... upon aeration was unclear. However, a sum of the specific consumption rates for xylose and glucose was similar at about 2.4 mmol/g cell-h in each case. It is suggested that the expression or reaction of metabolic enzymes involved in the xylose metabolism seems to be regulated by the oxygen content, ...
... upon aeration was unclear. However, a sum of the specific consumption rates for xylose and glucose was similar at about 2.4 mmol/g cell-h in each case. It is suggested that the expression or reaction of metabolic enzymes involved in the xylose metabolism seems to be regulated by the oxygen content, ...
nitrogen assimilation and global regulation in escherichia coli
... that glutamate starvation prevents Ntr induction (35). A mechanism by which this occurs is not stated. A hybrid hypothesis is that glutamine accumulation prevents Ntr gene expression until glutamate starvation stops metabolism and growth. In any case, the arguments are complex and subject to several ...
... that glutamate starvation prevents Ntr induction (35). A mechanism by which this occurs is not stated. A hybrid hypothesis is that glutamine accumulation prevents Ntr gene expression until glutamate starvation stops metabolism and growth. In any case, the arguments are complex and subject to several ...
Effect of increased free fatty acid supply on glucose metabolism and
... It is now well established that peripheral tissue insulin insensitivity is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes, and the skeletal muscle is the main site of resistance [l]. Decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and glucose storage rates have all been well documented i ...
... It is now well established that peripheral tissue insulin insensitivity is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes, and the skeletal muscle is the main site of resistance [l]. Decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and glucose storage rates have all been well documented i ...
... F26P is an allosteric inhibitor – turning off gluconeogenesis when there is plenty of glucose. AMP is an allosteric inhibitor – turning off glyconeogeneis because there is no ATP to make glucose. Gene Regulation – lac repressor. Lactose or IPTG is an allosteric inhibitor, converting the lac represso ...
E. coli
... glucosamine-6-phosphate, CTP, and AMP Each of the inhibitors provides only partial inhibition, complete inhibition requires all of the inhibitors. Kinetic studies suggested that none of the inhibitors was competitive with substrates. BUT-Structural studies show a different picture: AMP binds at the ...
... glucosamine-6-phosphate, CTP, and AMP Each of the inhibitors provides only partial inhibition, complete inhibition requires all of the inhibitors. Kinetic studies suggested that none of the inhibitors was competitive with substrates. BUT-Structural studies show a different picture: AMP binds at the ...
Gluconeogenesis: Objectives
... intermediate formed from glycerol. (see pg. 16) a. The essence of this question is based in the number of carbons. Glycerol comes from the breakdown of triglycerides. Glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate, which then is reacted with NAD+ + glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce: dihyd ...
... intermediate formed from glycerol. (see pg. 16) a. The essence of this question is based in the number of carbons. Glycerol comes from the breakdown of triglycerides. Glycerol is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate, which then is reacted with NAD+ + glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce: dihyd ...
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
... and, in an attempt to discover whether both compounds act as substrates for the same enzyme or whether a separate enzyme is involved, he concluded that it seems highly probable that only one enzyme is involved in both decarboxylations (Epps, 1944). Finally in 1948, McGilvery and Cohen, in the course ...
... and, in an attempt to discover whether both compounds act as substrates for the same enzyme or whether a separate enzyme is involved, he concluded that it seems highly probable that only one enzyme is involved in both decarboxylations (Epps, 1944). Finally in 1948, McGilvery and Cohen, in the course ...
Sustained nonoxidative glucose utilization and depletion of
... delayed recovery of fatty acid oxidation even after short periods of ischemia. Increased glucose utilization has been observed during myocardial ischemia and hypoxia (10). More recent animal and clinical studies (11-13) using radiotracers have demonstrated a similar metabolic pattern in reperfused m ...
... delayed recovery of fatty acid oxidation even after short periods of ischemia. Increased glucose utilization has been observed during myocardial ischemia and hypoxia (10). More recent animal and clinical studies (11-13) using radiotracers have demonstrated a similar metabolic pattern in reperfused m ...
View Full Text-PDF
... media. Glucose isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose to fructose and that of xylose to xylulose. It is an important enzyme used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Glucose isomerase was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis. The final p ...
... media. Glucose isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.5) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose to fructose and that of xylose to xylulose. It is an important enzyme used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Glucose isomerase was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis. The final p ...
with Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
... Under clamp conditions of euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, glucose clearance in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characteristically decreased by 30-50%, with glucose storage being the quantitatively most affected pathway ( 1 ). Muscle glucose transport and GS are both ...
... Under clamp conditions of euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, glucose clearance in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characteristically decreased by 30-50%, with glucose storage being the quantitatively most affected pathway ( 1 ). Muscle glucose transport and GS are both ...
File
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
... 7. Effect of pH on Enzymes Enzymes work best within a range of pH depending on the type of enzyme. The pH that the enzymes works best at is called it’s Optimum pH If the pH is too high, the enzymes active site changes shape (denatured) What is the optimum pH of this enzyme ? ...
The Wine Expert: Fermentation of Fructose
... fermentations (Guillaume et al, 2007) especially when the ethanol is higher and there are nutritional imbalances. In such situations, the low fructose utilization capacity of S. cerevisiae is thought to contribute to the low fermentation rate. As explained above, some wine yeasts naturally vary in t ...
... fermentations (Guillaume et al, 2007) especially when the ethanol is higher and there are nutritional imbalances. In such situations, the low fructose utilization capacity of S. cerevisiae is thought to contribute to the low fermentation rate. As explained above, some wine yeasts naturally vary in t ...
Characterization of mutations induced by N-methyl-N´-nitro
... 2.3. Recombinant DNA techniques Standard protocols [27] were used for the construction, purification and analysis ...
... 2.3. Recombinant DNA techniques Standard protocols [27] were used for the construction, purification and analysis ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
Cellular and molecular regulation of cardiac glucose transport
... The rate of glucose transport is determined by the transmembrane glucose concentration gradient and the overall number, subcellular distribution, and intrinsic kinetic activity of glucose transporters. The intracellular concentration of glucose is normally very low.19 The inward transmembrane concen ...
... The rate of glucose transport is determined by the transmembrane glucose concentration gradient and the overall number, subcellular distribution, and intrinsic kinetic activity of glucose transporters. The intracellular concentration of glucose is normally very low.19 The inward transmembrane concen ...
Coenzyme B 12-Dependent Ribonucleotide Reductase: Evidence
... Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.90,8352-83561 have now allowed its characterization by site-directed mutagenesis. The present study focuses on the role of five cysteines postulated to be required for catalysis. The choice of which of the ten cysteines of RTPR were to be mutated was based on extensive studies ...
... Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.90,8352-83561 have now allowed its characterization by site-directed mutagenesis. The present study focuses on the role of five cysteines postulated to be required for catalysis. The choice of which of the ten cysteines of RTPR were to be mutated was based on extensive studies ...
glycogen metabolism
... • glycogen synthase, is the key regulatory enzyme in glycogen synthesis. • It can add glucosyl residues only if the polysaccharide chain already contains more than four residues. • Thus, glycogen synthesis requires a primer. – This priming function is carried out by glycogenin, a protein composed o ...
... • glycogen synthase, is the key regulatory enzyme in glycogen synthesis. • It can add glucosyl residues only if the polysaccharide chain already contains more than four residues. • Thus, glycogen synthesis requires a primer. – This priming function is carried out by glycogenin, a protein composed o ...
Metabolic changes in the glucose-induced apoptotic blastocyst
... least 16 individual embryos were used. The NADP+ cycling reagent, used only for the ATP assay, contains 100 mM Imidazole HCl, pH 7.0, 7.5 mM a-ketoglutarate, 5 mM glucose-6phosphate, 25 mM NH4Ac, 0.02%BSA, 100 uM ADP, 100 ug/ml beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase and 10ug/ml Leuconostoc mesenteroides ...
... least 16 individual embryos were used. The NADP+ cycling reagent, used only for the ATP assay, contains 100 mM Imidazole HCl, pH 7.0, 7.5 mM a-ketoglutarate, 5 mM glucose-6phosphate, 25 mM NH4Ac, 0.02%BSA, 100 uM ADP, 100 ug/ml beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase and 10ug/ml Leuconostoc mesenteroides ...
... • Note that the liver cannot generate ATP by glycolysis during this period since F26P levels will be low and PFK-1 will be off – regardless of the ATP, ADP, or AMP levels. ii) Which hormone would be released by the pancreas during the race? Why? (2 pts). Glucagon (epinephrine was accepted, 1 pt) due ...
BEL β-trefoil: A novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king
... called lectins (Sharon 2007). In general, ligand binding precedes the fulfillment of an important biological function, which in some cases is still not known. Some members of this family are also called agglutinins because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, but this term does not necess ...
... called lectins (Sharon 2007). In general, ligand binding precedes the fulfillment of an important biological function, which in some cases is still not known. Some members of this family are also called agglutinins because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, but this term does not necess ...
Microbiology lab TAs/BIO 351
... to differentiate members of the genus Clostridium and also the family Enterobacteriaceae from the other Gram-negative rods like Pseudomonas and Legionella because of the ability of the members of Enterobacteriaceae to reduce litmus. Another group of bacteria that can easily grow in litmus milk is th ...
... to differentiate members of the genus Clostridium and also the family Enterobacteriaceae from the other Gram-negative rods like Pseudomonas and Legionella because of the ability of the members of Enterobacteriaceae to reduce litmus. Another group of bacteria that can easily grow in litmus milk is th ...
A Survey of Flexible Protein Binding Mechanisms and their
... been shown by kinetic and equilibrium studies,15,16 as well as by NMR.17 Support for the functional role of conformational diversity is provided by the observation that a single protein can bind multiple unrelated ligands at the same binding site (promiscuity) or at different sites (moonlighting).18 ...
... been shown by kinetic and equilibrium studies,15,16 as well as by NMR.17 Support for the functional role of conformational diversity is provided by the observation that a single protein can bind multiple unrelated ligands at the same binding site (promiscuity) or at different sites (moonlighting).18 ...
phys chapter 78 [2-9
... phospholipids and cholesterol, which are discharged into blood in lipoproteins (along with excess triglycerides) o High lipid concentration (especially high cholesterol) promotes development of atherosclerosis Insulin lack causes excessive amounts of acetoacetic acid to be formed in liver because in ...
... phospholipids and cholesterol, which are discharged into blood in lipoproteins (along with excess triglycerides) o High lipid concentration (especially high cholesterol) promotes development of atherosclerosis Insulin lack causes excessive amounts of acetoacetic acid to be formed in liver because in ...
Insulina - Gilberto De Nucci
... Site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vildagliptin_Structural_Formulae.png ...
... Site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vildagliptin_Structural_Formulae.png ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.