INO1 - of /home/sholmes/web
... • Cells are capable of rapidly changing the distribution of these loci, as evidenced by their rapid peripheral localization following gene activation, as well as the high diffusion constant for the repressed GAL1 locus (reported by Cabal et. al. 2006) • Therefore, an active mechanism must be employe ...
... • Cells are capable of rapidly changing the distribution of these loci, as evidenced by their rapid peripheral localization following gene activation, as well as the high diffusion constant for the repressed GAL1 locus (reported by Cabal et. al. 2006) • Therefore, an active mechanism must be employe ...
(a) (b)
... enzyme-catalyzed steps to two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. 1930s, Most of the details of this pathway were worked out by Otto Warburg, Gustav Embden, and Otto Meyerhof (German). This pathway is often referred to as the Embden–Meyerhof Pathway (EMP). Why is glycolysis so important to organisms? Fo ...
... enzyme-catalyzed steps to two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvate. 1930s, Most of the details of this pathway were worked out by Otto Warburg, Gustav Embden, and Otto Meyerhof (German). This pathway is often referred to as the Embden–Meyerhof Pathway (EMP). Why is glycolysis so important to organisms? Fo ...
UNIT 11. CATABOLISM OF GLUCOSE • Aerobic glycolysis: scheme
... of glucose metabolism in liver»). They involve conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (it occurs in two steps and is catalyzed by two enzymes instead of the single enzyme used for glycolysis), removing phosphate from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to form fructose 6-phosphate and removing phosphat ...
... of glucose metabolism in liver»). They involve conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (it occurs in two steps and is catalyzed by two enzymes instead of the single enzyme used for glycolysis), removing phosphate from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to form fructose 6-phosphate and removing phosphat ...
University of Groningen Interactions between carbohydrate
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
... General aspects of regulation of metabolic fluxes Eukaryotic cells derive energy from the oxidation of ”fuel molecules” to yield ATP. Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation a ...
Isotope-Exchange Evidence that Glucose 6
... Scheme 1 are so slow that flux through them can be ignored in deriving the flux expressions. The flux from Q to A, for example, is then simply the sum of the fluxes in the ‘upper’ and ‘lower’ levels of the Scheme. As B occurs twice in the pathway between Q and A we should expect from consideration o ...
... Scheme 1 are so slow that flux through them can be ignored in deriving the flux expressions. The flux from Q to A, for example, is then simply the sum of the fluxes in the ‘upper’ and ‘lower’ levels of the Scheme. As B occurs twice in the pathway between Q and A we should expect from consideration o ...
Manipulating redox and ATP balancing for improved production of
... explained by the roughly 100-fold lower Km towards bicarbonate of the PEP-carboxylase relative to PEP-carboxykinase enzyme. These results also suggested that the PEP to OAA reaction can operate under the physiological conditions in E. coli, thus promoting this strategy for the use in succinate produ ...
... explained by the roughly 100-fold lower Km towards bicarbonate of the PEP-carboxylase relative to PEP-carboxykinase enzyme. These results also suggested that the PEP to OAA reaction can operate under the physiological conditions in E. coli, thus promoting this strategy for the use in succinate produ ...
for growth. fermentation end products and genes required growth of
... acid-butanediol fermentation but that no formate is produced. An ace mutant that lacks pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was unable to grow anaerobically and produced hardly any fermentation product. These results suggest that PDH is involved in most or all acetyl coenzyme A production in B. sub ...
... acid-butanediol fermentation but that no formate is produced. An ace mutant that lacks pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was unable to grow anaerobically and produced hardly any fermentation product. These results suggest that PDH is involved in most or all acetyl coenzyme A production in B. sub ...
ARTÍCULOS
... characterize the interaction between H-NS and Hha. We show that the presence of DNA in preparations of copurified His-Hha and H-NS is not directly implicated in the interaction between the proteins. The precise molecular mass of the H-NS protein retained by Hha, obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ...
... characterize the interaction between H-NS and Hha. We show that the presence of DNA in preparations of copurified His-Hha and H-NS is not directly implicated in the interaction between the proteins. The precise molecular mass of the H-NS protein retained by Hha, obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated. - regulatory molecules that inhibit gluconeogenesis often activate glycolysis, and vise versa. ...
... Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated. - regulatory molecules that inhibit gluconeogenesis often activate glycolysis, and vise versa. ...
Balancing between respiration and fermentation - UvA-DARE
... environment.. They have developed specific regulatory systems to sense the presence, type and concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation (figure 1). This provides the yeast cell with energy and reducing equivalents in thee form ...
... environment.. They have developed specific regulatory systems to sense the presence, type and concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation (figure 1). This provides the yeast cell with energy and reducing equivalents in thee form ...
Restriction fragment differential display of pediocin
... Pediocin PA-1, which is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria, has potential as a biopreservative of food. However, such use may lead to the development of resistance in the target organism. Gene expression in two independent pediocin-resistant mutants of Listeria monocytogenes 412 was comp ...
... Pediocin PA-1, which is a bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria, has potential as a biopreservative of food. However, such use may lead to the development of resistance in the target organism. Gene expression in two independent pediocin-resistant mutants of Listeria monocytogenes 412 was comp ...
Glycolysis
... It is a common motif for an enzyme active site to be located at an interface between protein domains that are connected by a flexible hinge region. The structural flexibility allows access to the active site, while permitting precise positioning of active site residues, and in some cases exclusion o ...
... It is a common motif for an enzyme active site to be located at an interface between protein domains that are connected by a flexible hinge region. The structural flexibility allows access to the active site, while permitting precise positioning of active site residues, and in some cases exclusion o ...
Dr. Walaa AL - Jedda – 2016 Metabolism of Glycogen Glycogen: is
... 3-Inherited deficiency of enzymes in the pathway of glycogen metabolism produces certain inherited disorders called as “Glycogen storage diseases” (GSDs). *Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are finely controlled at substrate level, by endproducts and hormones. * When glycogenesis occurs, glycogenolysi ...
... 3-Inherited deficiency of enzymes in the pathway of glycogen metabolism produces certain inherited disorders called as “Glycogen storage diseases” (GSDs). *Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis are finely controlled at substrate level, by endproducts and hormones. * When glycogenesis occurs, glycogenolysi ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis In gluconeogenesis, Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates such as lactate, some amino acids, and glycerol after they are converted to pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reacti ...
... Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis In gluconeogenesis, Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates such as lactate, some amino acids, and glycerol after they are converted to pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reacti ...
Evidence for the presence of a glucosensor in hypothalamus
... of nutrients including glucose. In mammals, sensors to detect levels of glucose are found in pancreatic -cells (31) where phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase-IV (HK-IV or glucokinase, GK) plays a central role (27). HK-IV or GK has appropriate kinetics (low affinity for glucose), lacks end-produ ...
... of nutrients including glucose. In mammals, sensors to detect levels of glucose are found in pancreatic -cells (31) where phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase-IV (HK-IV or glucokinase, GK) plays a central role (27). HK-IV or GK has appropriate kinetics (low affinity for glucose), lacks end-produ ...
A conserved enhancer of the human and murine Hoxa
... in restricted patterns during embryogenesis and plays an important role in the control of region-specific differentiation. Previous studies have shown that separate elements specify lineage restriction and expression boundaries of Hoxa-7. In particular 3.6 kb of 5′ flanking sequences were sufficient ...
... in restricted patterns during embryogenesis and plays an important role in the control of region-specific differentiation. Previous studies have shown that separate elements specify lineage restriction and expression boundaries of Hoxa-7. In particular 3.6 kb of 5′ flanking sequences were sufficient ...
INSULIN
... meal but oscillates with a period of 3-6 minutes: spurts of insulin release. This oscillation is important to consider when administering insulin-stimulating medication as oscillation is the target & not a constant high concentration. ...
... meal but oscillates with a period of 3-6 minutes: spurts of insulin release. This oscillation is important to consider when administering insulin-stimulating medication as oscillation is the target & not a constant high concentration. ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... generating a CcsA2 PcsA1 mutant strain (CFNE 150). To obtain the citrate synthase double mutant (CFNE 160), the symbiotic plasmid carrying the mutated pcsA1 gene from CFNE 130 was transferred to the CFNE 140 mutant strain. The double and the chromosomal mutants required glutamate for growth in minim ...
... generating a CcsA2 PcsA1 mutant strain (CFNE 150). To obtain the citrate synthase double mutant (CFNE 160), the symbiotic plasmid carrying the mutated pcsA1 gene from CFNE 130 was transferred to the CFNE 140 mutant strain. The double and the chromosomal mutants required glutamate for growth in minim ...
Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle: Glycogen
... GLUT‐2 transporter – getting GLUCOSE in and out of cell ...
... GLUT‐2 transporter – getting GLUCOSE in and out of cell ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... 1. Glycolysis means oxidation of glucose to give pyruvate (in the presence of oxygen) or lactate (in the absence of oxygen). ...
... 1. Glycolysis means oxidation of glucose to give pyruvate (in the presence of oxygen) or lactate (in the absence of oxygen). ...
results and discussion discussion
... (Fig. 4.4.3 and 4.4.4). Since, all the clones in presence of NaCl/KCl salt medium grew normally, where as in case of 400 mM LiCl, 5B2 and 6S2 clones showed normal growth as similar to NaCl/KCl salt medium, but the clone 6B4 growth rate was similar to the control (Fig. 4.4.5). The physicochemical bas ...
... (Fig. 4.4.3 and 4.4.4). Since, all the clones in presence of NaCl/KCl salt medium grew normally, where as in case of 400 mM LiCl, 5B2 and 6S2 clones showed normal growth as similar to NaCl/KCl salt medium, but the clone 6B4 growth rate was similar to the control (Fig. 4.4.5). The physicochemical bas ...
glucose-6-P - WordPress.com
... The subsequent step is catalyzed by enolase and involves a dehydration, forming phosphoenolpyruvate. Enolase is inhibited by fluoride, and when blood samples are taken for measurement of glucose, it is collected in tubes containing fluoride to inhibit glycolysis. The enzyme is also dependent on the ...
... The subsequent step is catalyzed by enolase and involves a dehydration, forming phosphoenolpyruvate. Enolase is inhibited by fluoride, and when blood samples are taken for measurement of glucose, it is collected in tubes containing fluoride to inhibit glycolysis. The enzyme is also dependent on the ...
L23_Exercise
... Why Glycogen is Important • When glycogen has run out, only fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
... Why Glycogen is Important • When glycogen has run out, only fatty acid oxidation can be used for ATP generation • Power output is lower when using only fatty acids • “Hitting the Wall” • Cannot sprint if there’s no glycogen ...
Introduction: Dietary carbohydrates digestion give mainly
... Pathway : There are 2 pathways for the metabolism of fructose : (i) in muscle (extrahepatic tissue) (ii) in liver. In muscle (extrahepatic tissue), hexokinase phosphorylates fructose and it enters glycolysis. But glucose inhibits the phosphorylation of fructose, since it is a better substrate for he ...
... Pathway : There are 2 pathways for the metabolism of fructose : (i) in muscle (extrahepatic tissue) (ii) in liver. In muscle (extrahepatic tissue), hexokinase phosphorylates fructose and it enters glycolysis. But glucose inhibits the phosphorylation of fructose, since it is a better substrate for he ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.