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The Types of Tissues Found in the Brain
By: Ryan LaMontagne, Vlad Marinski, and Mary Yousif
Neuron Nervous
Primary Name: Nervous Tissue
Sub-Primary: Neuron
Form: The basic cells are called neurons or nerve cells. Because neurons communicate
with each other and with muscle and gland cells they can coordinate, regulate, and
integrate many body functions. The nervous tissue includes neurological cells. These
cells support and bind components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help
support nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.
Function: These cells are the structural and functional units of the nervous system and
are specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings.
Neurons sense certain types of changes in their surroundings. They respond by
transmitting nerve impulses along cytoplasmic extensions (cellular processes) to other
neurons, muscles, or glands. Sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses.
Location: Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Spinal Cord Nervous
Primary Name: Nervous Tissue
Sub-Primary: Spinal Cord
Form: The spinal cord consists of thirty-one segments, each of which gives
rise to a pair of spinal nerves. There is a core of gray matter within the white
matter. The pattern of the gray matter resembles a butterfly with its wings
spread. In the center of the spinal cord there is the central canal which contains
cerebrospinal fluid.
Function: The spinal cord has two major functions, conducting nerve impulses
and serving as a center for spinal reflexes. Transmission of neural signals
between the brain and the rest of the body.
Location: The spinal cord is a slender nerve column that passes downward
from the brain into the vertebral canal.
Cerebrum
Primary Name: Nervous Tissue
Sub-Primary: Cerebrum
Form: The cerebrum is the main part of the brain and consists of two large masses
called the left and right cerebral hemispheres. A deep bridge of nerve fibers called
the corpus callosum connects the cerebral hemispheres.
Function: The cerebrum provides higher end functions. It has centers for
interpreting sensory impulses arriving from sense organs and centers for initiating
voluntary muscular movements. The cerebrum stores the information that
comprises memory and utilizes it to reason. Intelligence and personality also stem
from cerebral activity.
Location: The brain and its four lobes. The cerebrum is divided into four lobes that
control senses, thoughts, and movements. The four lobes are occipital, temporal,
frontal, and parietal lobes.
Cerebellum
Primary Name: Nervous Tissue
Sub-Primary: Cerebellum
Form: The cerebellum is a large mass of tissue located below the occipital lobes
of the cerebrum and posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. It consists of
two lateral hemispheres partially separated by a layer of dura mater (falx
cerebelli) and connected in the midline by the a structure called the vermis. like
the cerebrum, the cerebellum is composed primarily of white matter, with a thin
layer of gray matter, the cerebellar cortex, on its surface.
Function: The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the central nervous
system by means of three pairs of nerve tracts called cerebellar peduncles (the
inferior, middle, and superior). The cerebellum is a reflex center for integrating
sensory information concerning the position of body parts and for coordinating
complex skeletal muscle movements. It also helps to maintain posture.
Location: The bottom portion of the brain behind the pons and brainstem.
Images of the Brain
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Video
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