Download Chapter 13 Review answers

Name: ____KEY_________
Chapter 13 Review: DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering
1.
Define recombinant DNA
2.
What is PCR?
3.
What is used to separate molecules of
DNA based on size?
4. What size molecules move
faster/farther?
5. What is used to cut DNA?
6.
What do the bands in a gel consists of?
7. What is a DNA fingerprint?
8. What are some uses of DNA
fingerprinting?
9. Everyone except _____ _____ has a
different DNA fingerprint.
10. What are circular pieces of DNA often
found in bacteria (not part of
chromosome)?
11. What is cloning?
12. What are the steps involved in cloning?
13. Define bioethics.
14. What are VNTR?
15. What are the different lengths of
noncoding DNA called?
16. What is a genome?
17. Why don’t vaccines make you sick?
DNA that results from the joining of DNA
from two different sources
Process that quickly produces many copies
of DNA (amplifies)
Gel electrophoresis
Smaller DNA fragments move towards
positive end
Restriction enzymes
DNA fragments
DNA fragments are different for each
individual (unless an identical twin), can allow
investigators to distinguish DNA of
different people
Paternity, identifying remains, tracing
origin, criminal evidence…
Identical twins
Plasmids – replicate with cell, often used as
vectors (gene carriers)
An exact copy of a DNA segment /cell
(example when bacteria containing
recombinant DNA replicate)
Zap nucleus of egg cell, insert/fuse skin cell
from organism you are cloning into
enucleated egg cell, implant embryo
Study of ethical issues related to DNA
technology
Variable number tandem repeats, analysis
used for DNA fingerprinting
Length polymorphisms
An organism’s collection of genes
Made from weakened/dead form of the
18. What is it called when you treat a genetic disorder by
introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene
defect in a cell’s genome?
19. What percentage of our genetic makeup
does not code for protein?
20. Define genetic engineering.
21. How do DNA fingerprints differ from
actual fingerprints?
22. What is a gene of interest?
23. What are some agricultural uses of
genetic engineering?
pathogen, stimulate antibody production but
will not make you sick
Gene Therapy – treat genetic disorders by
transferring normal gene into cells that lack
them; replacement gene is expressed in
person’s cell
98%, therefore 2% codes for proteins
Process of altering the genetic material of
cells or organisms to allow them to make
new substances
DNA fingerprints are created in the lab by
putting an individual’s DNA through gel
electrophoresis. Actual fingerprints are
marks left on an object by an individual.
There is a much lower probability that two
individuals will share the same DNA (unless
they are identical twins).
A segment of one species’ DNA that
scientists wish to insert into another
species’ DNA
Increasing the amount of food a crop will
yield, making plants resistant to certain
diseases and to herbicides, and making
plants more tolerant to environmental
conditions
Diagrams – Explain what’s going on in each of the following 4 diagrams
Polymerase
Chain
Reaction (PCR)
Gel
Electrophoresis
Creating
Recombinant
DNA
DNA
Fingerprints