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Name: ____KEY_________ Chapter 13 Review: DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering 1. Define recombinant DNA 2. What is PCR? 3. What is used to separate molecules of DNA based on size? 4. What size molecules move faster/farther? 5. What is used to cut DNA? 6. What do the bands in a gel consists of? 7. What is a DNA fingerprint? 8. What are some uses of DNA fingerprinting? 9. Everyone except _____ _____ has a different DNA fingerprint. 10. What are circular pieces of DNA often found in bacteria (not part of chromosome)? 11. What is cloning? 12. What are the steps involved in cloning? 13. Define bioethics. 14. What are VNTR? 15. What are the different lengths of noncoding DNA called? 16. What is a genome? 17. Why don’t vaccines make you sick? DNA that results from the joining of DNA from two different sources Process that quickly produces many copies of DNA (amplifies) Gel electrophoresis Smaller DNA fragments move towards positive end Restriction enzymes DNA fragments DNA fragments are different for each individual (unless an identical twin), can allow investigators to distinguish DNA of different people Paternity, identifying remains, tracing origin, criminal evidence… Identical twins Plasmids – replicate with cell, often used as vectors (gene carriers) An exact copy of a DNA segment /cell (example when bacteria containing recombinant DNA replicate) Zap nucleus of egg cell, insert/fuse skin cell from organism you are cloning into enucleated egg cell, implant embryo Study of ethical issues related to DNA technology Variable number tandem repeats, analysis used for DNA fingerprinting Length polymorphisms An organism’s collection of genes Made from weakened/dead form of the 18. What is it called when you treat a genetic disorder by introducing a gene into a cell or by correcting a gene defect in a cell’s genome? 19. What percentage of our genetic makeup does not code for protein? 20. Define genetic engineering. 21. How do DNA fingerprints differ from actual fingerprints? 22. What is a gene of interest? 23. What are some agricultural uses of genetic engineering? pathogen, stimulate antibody production but will not make you sick Gene Therapy – treat genetic disorders by transferring normal gene into cells that lack them; replacement gene is expressed in person’s cell 98%, therefore 2% codes for proteins Process of altering the genetic material of cells or organisms to allow them to make new substances DNA fingerprints are created in the lab by putting an individual’s DNA through gel electrophoresis. Actual fingerprints are marks left on an object by an individual. There is a much lower probability that two individuals will share the same DNA (unless they are identical twins). A segment of one species’ DNA that scientists wish to insert into another species’ DNA Increasing the amount of food a crop will yield, making plants resistant to certain diseases and to herbicides, and making plants more tolerant to environmental conditions Diagrams – Explain what’s going on in each of the following 4 diagrams Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Gel Electrophoresis Creating Recombinant DNA DNA Fingerprints