Download SBI4U: Molecular Genetics Unit Review

DNA and DNA replication
1. What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleic acid?
2. What are the three components of nucleotides?
3. What is the difference between the 5’ end of nucleic acids and the 3’ end? Draw a diagram to
show this.
4. When new DNA or RNA is synthesized, in which direction does it grow?
5. What are two different kinds of bonds that hold nucleic acids together?
6. Write the complementary DNA strand:
5’- A A T G G C T -3’
7. What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
8. Draw the structure of a double stranded DNA molecule with 3 basepairs
DNA replication
9. Name and describe the three possible models of DNA replication.
10. Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment and its results
11. Differentiate between a leading strand and a lagging strand
12. What are Okazaki fragments?
13. Describe the roles of the following enzymes/proteins in DNA replication:
a. DNA helicase
b. DNA gyrase
c. DNA polymerase
d. Single-stranded binding proteins
e. DNA ligase
f. RNA primase
14. Why is it beneficial to have multiple replication bubbles at the same time?
Protein Synthesis
15. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? What is transcription? Translation?
16. How does RNA differ from DNA? Name 3 ways.
17. Describe what happens in initiation, elongation, and termination of:
a. transcription
b. translation
18. What can be found in the promoter region of DNA?
19. What post-transcriptional modifications occur to an mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?
20. What are the three kinds of RNA, and what are their purposes?
21. What is aminoacl tRNA synthetase?
22. What is a stop codon?
23. When talking about the DNA code, what does the wobble feature mean?
24. How is translation different in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
25. If a DNA template strand reads like this: 5’-ATGATTTCGGGACGA-3’
a. What would the coding strand look like?
b. What would the complementary mRNA strand look like?
c. What amino acid sequence would it produce?
26. An RNA strand has 4 exons and 3 introns. How many different ways are there to splice this RNA
strand?