Download Study guide for Ch 13-16,18 Test AP Biology 2014

Study guide for Ch 13-16,18 Test
AP Biology 2014-2015
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Review DNA replication and the enzymes and their functions used in the process.
Know how errors in DNA replication are fixed.
What direction is the new strand on both leading and lagging strand put down.
Know what nitrogen bases are opposite each other and be able to calculate the percentage of
the other nitrogen bases if you know one Ex. If thymine = 20%, you should be able to calculate
how much adenine there is and then calculate cytosine and guanine. (Chargaff’s Rule)
What type of mutation occurs in sickle cell so that glutamic acid then becomes valine?
If given a DNA base sequence, be able to give the complementary strand or the mRNA strand
that would be opposite it.
Know what a gene is.
What is PCR , what is its use, how does it work?
Understand how gel electrophoresis works – why fragments travel, where they end up, etc.
Gels can be made from different substances ie. Agarose and starch – this affects how quickly
DNA fragments travel through
Understand what restriction enzymes are and how and why they are used. What is the end
result of using a restriction enzyme.
In protein synthesis, what is terminator sequence?
Review the process of protein synthesis (transcription and translation)
Review the lac and tryp operons and know how they are regulated.
If given codons and what amino acid they code for (the mRNA wheel) be able to take the codons
and tell which amino acids they code for –what the polymer would look like in terms of amino
acid sequence.
What are RFLP’s and how are they used ?
What are transposon s and retrotransposons? How do transposons move?
Review the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of DNA, DNA replication
and protein synthesis