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A&P Final SII Name: ________________________ Date: __________ Period: _________ Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review Name: _____________________________________________ Student ID: _________________________ You May turn this in for extra points.. A&P Final SII Directions: Use the image below to determine the correct term for each structure on the pages that follow. A&P Final SII 1. __________________ a. Face b. Hyoid c. Skull d. Carpal 2. _________________ a. Mandible b. Maxilla c. Frontal d. Lacrimal 3. ________________ a. Scapula b. Sternum c. Humerus d. Clavicle 4. _______________ a. Sternum b. Metacarpals c. Ribs d. Scapula 5. _______________ a. Hipbone b. Patella c. Humerus d. Radius 6. _______________ a. Ribs b. Sternum c. Vertebral column d. Hyoid 7. ______________ a. Femur b. Ribs c. Sternum d. Vertebral column 8. _____________ a. Hip bone b. Ribs c. Femur d. Patella 9. _____________ a. Ulna b. Radius c. Tibia d. Fibula 10. _________ a. Ulna b. Radius c. Tibia d. Fibula 11. _________ a. Ulna b. Radius c. Carpals d. Metacarpals 12. _________ a. Ulna b. Radius c. Carpals d. Metacarpals 13. _________ a. Ulna b. Femur c. Fibula d. Phalanges 14. _________ a. Patella b. Tibia c. Fibula d. Femur A&P Final SII 15. ___________ a. Patella b. Tibia c. Fibula d. Femur 16. ___________ a. Tibia b. Fibula c. Femur d. Patella 17. ___________ a. Tibia b. Fibula c. Femur d. Patella 18. ___________ a. Tarsals b. Metatarsals c. Phyalanges d. Sacrum 19. ___________ a. Tarsals b. Metatarsals c. Phyalanges d. Sacrum 20. ___________ a. Tarsals b. Metatarsals c. Phyalanges d. Sacrum Directions: Answer each question with the best answer choice provided 21. Which of the following is true in regards to a tendon when compared to an aponeuroses? a. An aponeuroses attaches only to bones to bones, while tendons only connect bones to muscles. b. Tendons connect muscles to other muscles in the abdominal region, while aponeuroses connect muscles to bones in various regions of the human body. c. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while an aponeuroses is a thick tissue that can connect muscles to muscle or muscles to bones d. There is no difference between an aponeuroses and a tendon; they both do the same things. 22. An individual skeletal muscle is separated from adjacent muscles and helod in position by layers of dense connective tissue known as ___. a. Aponeuroses b. Tendons c. Fascia d. Myofibrils A&P Final SII 23. Which of the following is the correct order of muscle structures from largest to smallest? a. Muscle Fascicle Muscle fiber Mofibril Muscle filament b. Fascicle Muscle Muscle fiber Myofibril Fascicle c. Fascicle Muscle fiber Myofibril Muscle filament Muscle d. Muscle Muscle fiber Myofibril Muscle Muscle filament 24. Which one of the following does not take place at the neuromuscular junction? a. Neurons send signals to skeletal muscles via action potentials. b. ACh is released from the neuron and diffuses through the synaptic cleft to the ACh receptors in the muscle cell’s membrane c. Calcium is released from the neuron and diffuses through the synaptic cleft to the sarcoplasmic recticulum of the muscle cell. d. Nerve cells synapse with skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction. 25. _________ are organs composed of specialized cells to exert pulling forces on structures to which they are connected. a. Follicle b. Fascia c. Muscles d. Myoglobins A&P Final SII Directions: Place the correct letter for each of the following structures. a. Temporalis b. Orbicularis oculi c. Orbicularis oris d. Zygomaticus major e. Buccinator ab. Frontalis ac. Platysma ad. Masseter ae. Sternocleidomastoid bc. Lateral pterygoid bd. Medial pterygoid A&P Final SII a. Levator scapulae b. Infraspinatus c. Teres minor d. Rhomboid major e. Rhomboid minor ab Latissimus dorsi. ac. Deltoid ad. Supraspinatus ae. Trapezius ba. Bicep femoris bc. Bicep Brachii bd. Coracobrachialis be. Brachialis cd. Subscapularis A&P Final SII a. Serratus anterior b. Rectus femoris c. Vastus medialis d. Pectoralis major e. Vastus lateralis ab. Pectoralis minor ac. Vastus intermedius ad. External Oblique ae. Rectus abdominis bc. Bicep Brachii bd. Internal Oblique be. Transversus abdominis A&P Final SII Directions: Answer the questions with the best answer choice provided. 58. James Johnson is a good defensive end at his local high school. He works hard everyday, but lately he noticed a lot a pain in his ankles every time he practiced. He went to see the school’s athletic trainer where he was told that he had inflammation of his Achilles tendon. The trainer referred him to a doctor near the school. The doctor most likely said that James was suffering from ____, because _____. a. A neurological disorder; his muscles were not contracting b. Tendinitis; the tendons in his legs are swollen and inflamed c. Polio disease; his central nervous system was attacked, and thus limited his mobility. d. Myrasthenia Gravis; his nervous system produced antibodies that destroys the neurotransmitter ACh. 59. Cells that make up muscle are known as ____. a. Myofibrils b. Muscle c. Filaments d. Muscle fibers 60. neurotransmitter ________. a. Binds actin filaments, causing them to slide b. Diffuses across a synaptic cleft from a neuron to a muscle cell c. Transports ATP across the synaptic cleft. d. Breaks down acetylcholine a the synapse e. Is a contractile protein in the muscle fiber. 61. Some muscles can store up oxygen in a molecule known as ___. a. Hemoglobin b. Myoglobin c. Troponin d. Oxylate 62. Muscle is important for all of the following except ___. a. Maintaining body temperature b. Moving body parts c. Maintaining human structure and shape d. Creating hormones A&P Final SII 63. The structure that is indicated by the arrow (13.) is known as the____. a. Sarcolemma b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Sarcoplasm d. Mitochondria 64. The _______ contains calcium pumps that require ATP. These pumps make the allow calcium to move against its gradient. a. Sarcolemma b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Sarcoplasm d. Myosin filament 65. The ________ in muscle cells is similar to the cytoplasm in other cells. a. Sarcoplasm b. Sarcolemma c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Myosin sheath 66. Which one of the following does not have the ability to directly bind to actin? a. Troponin b. Myosin c. Calcium d. Both a and c are correct A&P Final SII 67. The image above represents ______. a. The sarcomere of a cell b. A neuromuscular junction c. Two neurons synapse d. Muscle cells synapse with another muscle cell 68. In muscle cells, the ___________ move across the _________. a. Neurotransmitters; cell wall b. Proteins; receptors c. Neurotransmitters; synaptic cleft d. Axons; body 69. Muscle cells are connected to _________ that release the neurotransmitter ________. a. Brain nerves; dopamine b. Sensory neurons; GABA c. Multipolar neurons; serotonin d. Motor neurons; Acetylcholine A&P Final SII Directions: Answer each question with the best answer choice provided 70. While talking to his mother in the kitchen, Gregory accidently touches a hotplate that is still warm. If his nervous system works properly, which of the following should explain Gregory’s actions? a. Gregory’s sensory neurons sends signals to his motor neurons, instructing him to jump away from the hotplate. The motor neurons then send a signal to his central nervous system for processing. b. Gregory’s central nervous system sends a signal to his sensory neurons in his hands, which makes him jump away from the hotplate. After jumping away, Gregory’s central nervous system sends another signal to the motor neurons in his arm to determine the amount of pain felt. c. Gregory determines that the plate is hot only because he sees the plate. His central nervous system then sends a signal to the peripheral nervous system motor neurons to make him jump away. d. Gregory’s peripheral sensory neurons send signals to the central nervous system. The brain then interprets the data, and sends signals to the motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system that instructs certain muscles to contract, causing Gregory to jump away from the hotplate. 71. Which of the following cells are responsible for producing myelin in the CNS? a. Schwann Cells b. Oligodendrocytes c. Astrocytes d. Neurons 72. The rough endoplasmic reticulum of neurons is unique because ____. a. It is found closer to the nucleus than other cell’s ER. b. It is fragmented up into Nissl bodies c. It is found in the terminal of the axon which is extremely far from the nucleus. d. It does not contain ribosomes like other body cells 73. The cells that make up the nervous system are _____,and _____. a. Muscle fibers, neurons b. Neurons; photoreceptors c. Neuroglia; neurons d. Glands; muscles 74. In neurons, the axon terminals should contain vesicles that contain(s) ____. a. Nissl bodies b. Ganglia c. Neurotransmitters d. Schwann cells A&P Final SII 75. This PNS neuroglia is responsible for creating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons found throughout the PNS. a. Astrocyte cells b. Schwann cells c. Ependymal cells d. Oligodendrocyte cells Directions: Read the paragraph below, and answer the two questions that follow. Myelin begins to form on axons during the fourteenth week of prenatal development. By the time of birth, many axons are not completely myelinated. All myelnated axons have begun to develop sheaths by the time a child starts to walk, and myelination continues into adolescence. Excess myolin seriously impairs nervous system functioning. In Tay-Sachs disease, an inherited defect in a lysosomal enzyme causes myelin to accumulate, burying neurons in fat. The affected child begins to show symptoms by six months of age, gradually losing sight, hearing, and muscle function until death occurs by age four. Thanks to genetic screening among people of eastern European descent who are most likely to carry this gene, Tay-Sachs disease is extremely rare. 76. According to the article, the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease is ___. a. A gene defect that codes for a lysosomal enzyme b. Schwann cells producing too little myelin c. Blindness in infants d. High lipids in the cell body of the neuron 77. When does myelin begin to form on neurons? a. During the 4th week b. During the 14th month c. During adolescence d. During the 14th week of pregnancy 78. Which of the following description s is accurate? a. A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information. b. A neuron has a single axon, which sends information c. A neuron has many axons, which receive information d. A neuron has many dendrites, which send information. A&P Final SII 79. Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of a neurotransmitter? a. Na+ b. K+ c. Ca2+ d. Cl80. _________________ are neuroglia found in the peripheral nervous system. a. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and ependyma b. Microglia and Schwann cells c. Schwann and satellite cells d. Satellite, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependyma cells 81. Which of the following cells are responsible for forming the inner lining of the central canal in the central nervous system? a. Microglia cells b. Schwann cells c. Ependyma cells d. Satellite cells 82. These cells are found between neurons in the central nervous system and capillaries. They are responsible for metabolizing certain substances, and responding to injury by creating a special type of scar tissue. a. Astrocytes b. Microglia c. Oligodendrocytes d. Microglial A&P Final SII Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow? Abnormal neuroglia are associated with certain disorders. Most brain tumors, for example, consist of neuroglia that divide too often. Neuroglia that produce toxins may lie behind some neurodegenerative disorders. In one familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s disease), cells that have the ability to respond to injury of brain tissue by forming special scar tissue start producing toxins that destroys motor neurons, causing progressive weakness. In Huntington disease (HD), which causes uncontrollable movements and cognitive impairment, cells that eat bacteria and cellular debris release a toxin that damages neurons. In both ALS and HD, only specific sets of neurons are affected. Identifying the unexpected roles of neuroglia in the nervous system disorders suggests new targets for treatment. ALS Huntington’s 83. ALS is most likely caused by the release of toxins in which of the following cells? a. Neurons b. Oligodendrocytes c. Astrocytes d. Microglia 84. If scientist plan on curing Huntington’s disease, they would most likely focus on preventing toxins from being created by _______ cells a. Microglia b. Swchann c. Ependyma d. Astrocyte 85. These two disease affects the _____. a. CNS b. PNS 86. According to the text, most brain tumors develop because of over proliferation of _____ cells. a. Neuron b. Neuroglia c. Connective tissue d. Digestive A&P Final SII 87. What is the voltage of a cell at resting potential? a. -70 V b. + 30 mV c. -30 mV d. – 70 mV 88. When sodium gates open in the axon of a neuron, the charge inside the cell becomes less negative when compared with the extracellular charge around the cell. This is known as ___. a. Polarization b. Repolarization c. Depolarization d. Hyperpolarizations 89. What type of ion channels are most likely opened in the terminals of axons? a. Ca2+ b. Na+ c. Cld. K+ 90. Which of the following sequences are in the correct order for an action potential starting at the axon hillock ? a. Potassium channels open Sodium channels open Sodium channels close potassium channels close b. Sodium channels open sodium channels close potassium channels open potassium channels close c. Sodium channels open potassium channels open sodium channels close potassium channels close d. Potassium channels close sodium channels open potassium channels open sodium channels close A&P Final SII 91. Dendrites _____ a. A long thin portion of the cell that sends signals to other cells 92. Axon _____ b. The large portion of the cell that contains the nucleus and other organells that eukaryotic cell have 93. Myelin _____ c. The receiving portion of the cell. 94. Cell body _____ d. Layers of high lipid membrane that is wrapped around the axon of the cell 95. Nissi bodies _____ e. Tubules that aids in the shape of the cell 96. Synapse _____ ab. Portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord. 97. Microtubules _____ ac. Small vesicles that contain pieces of ER. 98. CNS (central nervous system) _____ 99. PNS (Peripheral nervous system) _____ ad. Portion of the nervous system that includes motor neurons and sensory neurons that extend from the spinal cord and brain 100. Effector _____ ae. The space between two neurons, or a neuron and an effector. 101. Mitochondria _____ bc. Muscle or gland bd. Power plant of the cell. Responsible for creating ATP. 102.. Neuogleia and neurons _____ be. The movement of charges down the axon of a nerve cell 103. Action potential 104. Neurotransmitter _____ _____ cd. Chemical or substance that is stored in the terminal of the axon that is released when the action potential reaches the end of the cell. These signals diffuse across the synaptic cleft ce. Cells that make up the nervous system. A&P Final SII 105. _______ Astrocyte 106. _______ Oligodendrocyte 107. _______ Microglia 108. _______ Ependyma 109. _______ Neuron 110. _______ Axon A&P Final SII 111. ________ dendrites 112. ________ Nodes of Ranvier 113. ________ Myelin sheath 114. ________ Nucleus A&P Final SII 115. a. b. c. d. The cell labeled A could be a(n) ___. Bipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Sensory neuron Both a and c are correct 116. The cell labeled C would most likely be found in which of the following locations? a. Brain b. spinal cord c. arm d. both a and b can be correct A&P Final SII Work Bank a. b. c. d. e. ab. ac. ad. ae. bc Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Cerebellum Temporal lobes Occipital lob Corpus collosum Pons Spinal cord Pituitary gland Medulla oblongata A&P Final SII 126. Which of the following would be the atria of the heart? a. F only b. B and H c. F and C d. K and C 127. Deoxygenated blood would enter the heart through ___. a. J and G b. E c. D and I d. E only 128. Pulmonary veins carry _______ blood and are represented by the letter(s) _____. a. Oxygenated; J and G b. Deoxygenated; E c. Oxygenated; E d. Deoxygenated; J and G 129. The pulmonary semilunar valve is represented by the letter(s) ___. a. K b. C c. F d. H 130. What molecule is responsible for passively transporting oxygen throughout the body? a. Platelets b. White blood cells c. Red blood cells d. Hemoglobin END