Download Anatomy Physiology Final Exam Review

A&P Final SII
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Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review
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A&P Final SII
Directions: Use the image below to determine the correct term for
each structure on the pages that follow.
A&P Final SII
1. __________________
a. Face
b. Hyoid
c. Skull
d. Carpal
2. _________________
a. Mandible
b. Maxilla
c. Frontal
d. Lacrimal
3. ________________
a. Scapula
b. Sternum
c. Humerus
d. Clavicle
4. _______________
a. Sternum
b. Metacarpals
c. Ribs
d. Scapula
5. _______________
a. Hipbone
b. Patella
c. Humerus
d. Radius
6. _______________
a. Ribs
b. Sternum
c. Vertebral column
d. Hyoid
7. ______________
a. Femur
b. Ribs
c. Sternum
d. Vertebral column
8. _____________
a. Hip bone
b. Ribs
c. Femur
d. Patella
9. _____________
a. Ulna
b. Radius
c. Tibia
d. Fibula
10. _________
a. Ulna
b. Radius
c. Tibia
d. Fibula
11. _________
a. Ulna
b. Radius
c. Carpals
d. Metacarpals
12. _________
a. Ulna
b. Radius
c. Carpals
d. Metacarpals
13. _________
a. Ulna
b. Femur
c. Fibula
d. Phalanges
14. _________
a. Patella
b. Tibia
c. Fibula
d. Femur
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15. ___________
a. Patella
b. Tibia
c. Fibula
d. Femur
16. ___________
a. Tibia
b. Fibula
c. Femur
d. Patella
17. ___________
a. Tibia
b. Fibula
c. Femur
d. Patella
18. ___________
a. Tarsals
b. Metatarsals
c. Phyalanges
d. Sacrum
19. ___________
a. Tarsals
b. Metatarsals
c. Phyalanges
d. Sacrum
20. ___________
a. Tarsals
b. Metatarsals
c. Phyalanges
d. Sacrum
Directions: Answer each question with the best answer choice provided
21. Which of the following is true in regards to a tendon when compared to an
aponeuroses?
a. An aponeuroses attaches only to bones to bones, while tendons only
connect bones to muscles.
b. Tendons connect muscles to other muscles in the abdominal region, while
aponeuroses connect muscles to bones in various regions of the human
body.
c. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while an aponeuroses is a thick tissue
that can connect muscles to muscle or muscles to bones
d. There is no difference between an aponeuroses and a tendon; they both do
the same things.
22. An individual skeletal muscle is separated from adjacent muscles and helod in
position by layers of dense connective tissue known as ___.
a. Aponeuroses
b. Tendons
c. Fascia
d. Myofibrils
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23. Which of the following is the correct order of muscle structures from largest to
smallest?
a. Muscle  Fascicle  Muscle fiber  Mofibril  Muscle filament
b. Fascicle  Muscle  Muscle fiber  Myofibril  Fascicle
c. Fascicle  Muscle fiber  Myofibril  Muscle filament  Muscle
d. Muscle  Muscle fiber  Myofibril  Muscle  Muscle filament
24. Which one of the following does not take place at the neuromuscular junction?
a. Neurons send signals to skeletal muscles via action potentials.
b. ACh is released from the neuron and diffuses through the synaptic cleft to
the ACh receptors in the muscle cell’s membrane
c. Calcium is released from the neuron and diffuses through the synaptic
cleft to the sarcoplasmic recticulum of the muscle cell.
d. Nerve cells synapse with skeletal muscles at the neuromuscular junction.
25. _________ are organs composed of specialized cells to exert pulling forces on
structures to which they are connected.
a. Follicle
b. Fascia
c. Muscles
d. Myoglobins
A&P Final SII
Directions: Place the correct letter for each of the following structures.
a. Temporalis
b. Orbicularis oculi
c. Orbicularis oris
d. Zygomaticus major
e. Buccinator
ab. Frontalis
ac. Platysma
ad. Masseter
ae. Sternocleidomastoid
bc. Lateral pterygoid
bd. Medial pterygoid
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a. Levator scapulae
b. Infraspinatus
c. Teres minor
d. Rhomboid major
e. Rhomboid minor
ab Latissimus dorsi.
ac. Deltoid
ad. Supraspinatus
ae. Trapezius
ba. Bicep femoris
bc. Bicep Brachii
bd. Coracobrachialis
be. Brachialis
cd. Subscapularis
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a. Serratus anterior
b. Rectus femoris
c. Vastus medialis
d. Pectoralis major
e. Vastus lateralis
ab. Pectoralis minor
ac. Vastus intermedius
ad. External Oblique
ae. Rectus abdominis
bc. Bicep Brachii
bd. Internal Oblique
be. Transversus abdominis
A&P Final SII
Directions: Answer the questions with the best answer choice provided.
58. James Johnson is a good defensive end at his local high school. He works hard
everyday, but lately he noticed a lot a pain in his ankles every time he practiced.
He went to see the school’s athletic trainer where he was told that he had
inflammation of his Achilles tendon. The trainer referred him to a doctor near
the school. The doctor most likely said that James was suffering from ____,
because _____.
a. A neurological disorder; his muscles were not contracting
b. Tendinitis; the tendons in his legs are swollen and inflamed
c. Polio disease; his central nervous system was attacked, and thus limited
his mobility.
d. Myrasthenia Gravis; his nervous system produced antibodies that destroys
the neurotransmitter ACh.
59. Cells that make up muscle are known as ____.
a. Myofibrils
b. Muscle
c. Filaments
d. Muscle fibers
60. neurotransmitter ________.
a. Binds actin filaments, causing them to slide
b. Diffuses across a synaptic cleft from a neuron to a muscle cell
c. Transports ATP across the synaptic cleft.
d. Breaks down acetylcholine a the synapse
e. Is a contractile protein in the muscle fiber.
61. Some muscles can store up oxygen in a molecule known as ___.
a. Hemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. Troponin
d. Oxylate
62. Muscle is important for all of the following except ___.
a. Maintaining body temperature
b. Moving body parts
c. Maintaining human structure and shape
d. Creating hormones
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63. The structure that is indicated by the arrow (13.) is known as the____.
a. Sarcolemma
b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. Sarcoplasm
d. Mitochondria
64. The _______ contains calcium pumps that require ATP. These pumps make the
allow calcium to move against its gradient.
a. Sarcolemma
b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. Sarcoplasm
d. Myosin filament
65. The ________ in muscle cells is similar to the cytoplasm in other cells.
a. Sarcoplasm
b. Sarcolemma
c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. Myosin sheath
66. Which one of the following does not have the ability to directly bind to actin?
a. Troponin
b. Myosin
c. Calcium
d. Both a and c are correct
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67. The image above represents ______.
a. The sarcomere of a cell
b. A neuromuscular junction
c. Two neurons synapse
d. Muscle cells synapse with another muscle cell
68. In muscle cells, the ___________ move across the _________.
a. Neurotransmitters; cell wall
b. Proteins; receptors
c. Neurotransmitters; synaptic cleft
d. Axons; body
69. Muscle cells are connected to _________ that release the neurotransmitter
________.
a. Brain nerves; dopamine
b. Sensory neurons; GABA
c. Multipolar neurons; serotonin
d. Motor neurons; Acetylcholine
A&P Final SII
Directions: Answer each question with the best answer choice provided
70. While talking to his mother in the kitchen, Gregory accidently touches a hotplate
that is still warm. If his nervous system works properly, which of the following
should explain Gregory’s actions?
a. Gregory’s sensory neurons sends signals to his motor neurons, instructing
him to jump away from the hotplate. The motor neurons then send a
signal to his central nervous system for processing.
b. Gregory’s central nervous system sends a signal to his sensory neurons in
his hands, which makes him jump away from the hotplate. After jumping
away, Gregory’s central nervous system sends another signal to the motor
neurons in his arm to determine the amount of pain felt.
c. Gregory determines that the plate is hot only because he sees the plate.
His central nervous system then sends a signal to the peripheral nervous
system motor neurons to make him jump away.
d. Gregory’s peripheral sensory neurons send signals to the central nervous
system. The brain then interprets the data, and sends signals to the motor
neurons of the peripheral nervous system that instructs certain muscles to
contract, causing Gregory to jump away from the hotplate.
71. Which of the following cells are responsible for producing myelin in the CNS?
a. Schwann Cells
b. Oligodendrocytes
c. Astrocytes
d. Neurons
72. The rough endoplasmic reticulum of neurons is unique because ____.
a. It is found closer to the nucleus than other cell’s ER.
b. It is fragmented up into Nissl bodies
c. It is found in the terminal of the axon which is extremely far from the
nucleus.
d. It does not contain ribosomes like other body cells
73. The cells that make up the nervous system are _____,and _____.
a. Muscle fibers, neurons
b. Neurons; photoreceptors
c. Neuroglia; neurons
d. Glands; muscles
74. In neurons, the axon terminals should contain vesicles that contain(s) ____.
a. Nissl bodies
b. Ganglia
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Schwann cells
A&P Final SII
75. This PNS neuroglia is responsible for creating myelin sheaths around the axons of
neurons found throughout the PNS.
a. Astrocyte cells
b. Schwann cells
c. Ependymal cells
d. Oligodendrocyte cells
Directions: Read the paragraph below, and answer the two questions that follow.
Myelin begins to form on axons during the fourteenth week of prenatal
development. By the time of birth, many axons are not completely myelinated. All
myelnated axons have begun to develop sheaths by the time a child starts to walk, and
myelination continues into adolescence.
Excess myolin seriously impairs nervous system functioning. In Tay-Sachs
disease, an inherited defect in a lysosomal enzyme causes myelin to accumulate, burying
neurons in fat. The affected child begins to show symptoms by six months of age,
gradually losing sight, hearing, and muscle function until death occurs by age four.
Thanks to genetic screening among people of eastern European descent who are most
likely to carry this gene, Tay-Sachs disease is extremely rare.
76. According to the article, the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease is ___.
a. A gene defect that codes for a lysosomal enzyme
b. Schwann cells producing too little myelin
c. Blindness in infants
d. High lipids in the cell body of the neuron
77. When does myelin begin to form on neurons?
a. During the 4th week
b. During the 14th month
c. During adolescence
d. During the 14th week of pregnancy
78. Which of the following description s is accurate?
a. A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information.
b. A neuron has a single axon, which sends information
c. A neuron has many axons, which receive information
d. A neuron has many dendrites, which send information.
A&P Final SII
79. Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the
release of a neurotransmitter?
a. Na+
b. K+
c. Ca2+
d. Cl80. _________________ are neuroglia found in the peripheral nervous system.
a. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and ependyma
b. Microglia and Schwann cells
c. Schwann and satellite cells
d. Satellite, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependyma cells
81. Which of the following cells are responsible for forming the inner lining of the
central canal in the central nervous system?
a. Microglia cells
b. Schwann cells
c. Ependyma cells
d. Satellite cells
82. These cells are found between neurons in the central nervous system and
capillaries. They are responsible for metabolizing certain substances, and
responding to injury by creating a special type of scar tissue.
a. Astrocytes
b. Microglia
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Microglial
A&P Final SII
Directions: Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow?
Abnormal neuroglia are associated with certain disorders. Most brain tumors, for example,
consist of neuroglia that divide too often. Neuroglia that produce toxins may lie behind some
neurodegenerative disorders. In one familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou
Gehrig’s disease), cells that have the ability to respond to injury of brain tissue by forming
special scar tissue start producing toxins that destroys motor neurons, causing progressive
weakness. In Huntington disease (HD), which causes uncontrollable movements and cognitive
impairment, cells that eat bacteria and cellular debris release a toxin that damages neurons. In
both ALS and HD, only specific sets of neurons are affected. Identifying the unexpected roles of
neuroglia in the nervous system disorders suggests new targets for treatment.
ALS
Huntington’s
83. ALS is most likely caused by the release of toxins in which of the following cells?
a. Neurons
b. Oligodendrocytes
c. Astrocytes
d. Microglia
84. If scientist plan on curing Huntington’s disease, they would most likely focus on
preventing toxins from being created by _______ cells
a. Microglia
b. Swchann
c. Ependyma
d. Astrocyte
85. These two disease affects the _____.
a. CNS
b. PNS
86. According to the text, most brain tumors develop because of over proliferation of
_____ cells.
a. Neuron
b. Neuroglia
c. Connective tissue
d. Digestive
A&P Final SII
87. What is the voltage of a cell at resting potential?
a. -70 V
b. + 30 mV
c. -30 mV
d. – 70 mV
88. When sodium gates open in the axon of a neuron, the charge inside the cell
becomes less negative when compared with the extracellular charge around the
cell. This is known as ___.
a. Polarization
b. Repolarization
c. Depolarization
d. Hyperpolarizations
89. What type of ion channels are most likely opened in the terminals of axons?
a. Ca2+
b. Na+
c. Cld. K+
90. Which of the following sequences are in the correct order for an action potential
starting at the axon hillock ?
a. Potassium channels open  Sodium channels open  Sodium channels
close  potassium channels close
b. Sodium channels open  sodium channels close  potassium channels
open  potassium channels close
c. Sodium channels open  potassium channels open  sodium channels
close  potassium channels close
d. Potassium channels close  sodium channels open  potassium channels
open  sodium channels close
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91. Dendrites
_____
a. A long thin portion of the cell that
sends signals to other cells
92. Axon
_____
b. The large portion of the cell that
contains the nucleus and other
organells that eukaryotic cell have
93. Myelin
_____
c. The receiving portion of the cell.
94. Cell body
_____
d. Layers of high lipid membrane that is
wrapped around the axon of the cell
95. Nissi bodies
_____
e. Tubules that aids in the shape of the
cell
96. Synapse
_____
ab. Portion of the nervous system that
includes the brain and spinal cord.
97. Microtubules
_____
ac. Small vesicles that contain pieces of
ER.
98. CNS (central nervous system)
_____
99. PNS (Peripheral nervous system)
_____
ad. Portion of the nervous system that
includes motor neurons and sensory
neurons that extend from the spinal
cord and brain
100. Effector
_____
ae. The space between two neurons, or a
neuron and an effector.
101. Mitochondria
_____
bc. Muscle or gland
bd. Power plant of the cell. Responsible
for creating ATP.
102.. Neuogleia and neurons
_____
be. The movement of charges down the
axon of a nerve cell
103. Action potential
104. Neurotransmitter
_____
_____
cd. Chemical or substance that is stored
in the terminal of the axon that is
released when the action potential
reaches the end of the cell. These
signals diffuse across the synaptic
cleft
ce. Cells that make up the nervous
system.
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105. _______ Astrocyte
106. _______
Oligodendrocyte
107. _______
Microglia
108. _______
Ependyma
109. _______
Neuron
110. _______
Axon
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111.
________
dendrites
112.
________
Nodes of Ranvier
113.
________
Myelin sheath
114.
________
Nucleus
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115.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The cell labeled A could be a(n) ___.
Bipolar neuron
Unipolar neuron
Sensory neuron
Both a and c are correct
116.
The cell labeled C would most likely be found in which of the following
locations?
a. Brain
b. spinal cord
c. arm
d. both a and b can be correct
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Work Bank
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ab.
ac.
ad.
ae.
bc
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Cerebellum
Temporal lobes
Occipital lob
Corpus collosum
Pons
Spinal cord
Pituitary gland
Medulla oblongata
A&P Final SII
126. Which of the following would be the atria of the heart?
a. F only
b. B and H
c. F and C
d. K and C
127. Deoxygenated blood would enter the heart through ___.
a. J and G
b. E
c. D and I
d. E only
128. Pulmonary veins carry _______ blood and are represented by the letter(s)
_____.
a. Oxygenated; J and G
b. Deoxygenated; E
c. Oxygenated; E
d. Deoxygenated; J and G
129. The pulmonary semilunar valve is represented by the letter(s) ___.
a. K
b. C
c. F
d. H
130. What molecule is responsible for passively transporting oxygen throughout the
body?
a. Platelets
b. White blood cells
c. Red blood cells
d. Hemoglobin
END