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Transcript
DO NOW: Write down 2 things you know about DNA.
Aim: What is DNA and
Genetic Information
What is DNA?






DNA is a special molecule found in the cells
which make up a chromosome.
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a
cell. (Therefore DNA is in the nucleus)
There are 46 pairs of chromosomes in the
human cell.
DNA is an instruction manual for all the
processes that the organism does.
DNA has all the information needed to make
an entire individual.
Everyone's DNA is unique
The History of the Structure of DNA

Watson and Crick
were the first to
propose the Double
Helix Model as
“shape of DNA.”
What is the structure of the DNA
molecule?
• DNA is a HUGE long
molecule.
• DNA is made up of 2
sides connected together
by paired nucleic bases.
(looks like a ladder)
•The molecule is also
twisted forming a double
helix
Where Does Everything Fit?
•Unwound, the
DNA in a single
cell would measure
the length of about
3 meters or just
over 3 yards.
•But because of its
tight coil over coil
wrapping, DNA
can fit nicely in the
nucleus of a cell.
Human Chromosomes
1
2
3
4
5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 161718 19 20 2122 Y X
The Basic Structure of DNA
Backbone - two “strands”
wrapping around one another
create the “double helix
shape.”
Each strand is composed (made
up of) a combination of four
different bases.
Each base is paired with its corresponding
base and held together by a hydrogen bond.
DON’T COPY

Backbone - two “strands” wrapping
around one another create the
“double helix shape.”

Each strand is composed (made up of)
a combination of four different bases.

There are only four types of nucleic
bases:
 Adenine (A)
 Thymine (T)
 Cytosine (C)
 Guanine (G)
Base pairing – bases on one strand
pair can only pair with specific base on
the opposite strand
A and T pair
C and G pair

Base Pairing
A
T
C
G
G
C
A
T
A
T
T
A
C
G
T
A
Why are these base pairing important?
•DNA carries hereditary information (traits
from parents).
•Hereditary information is found in genes.
•Genes are a sequence of bases found on
a section or part of DNA.
•Specific genes are found on specific
parts of a chromosome.
•The order of these bases found on genes
makes the instruction or “code” for
specific proteins
Gene
for eye
color
Gene
for hair
color
Gene
for
making
sperm
Gene
for
making
insulin
Gene
for lips
size
How does DNA control activities in the cell?
•Because DNA is a huge molecule, it cannot
leave the nucleus (the nuclear membrane).
• DNA make a
smaller molecule
called RNA which
can leave the
nucleus and bring
DNA’s message
to the ribosome.
What is RNA?
•RNA is a molecule that is made by DNA.
•RNA is much smaller than DNA.
•RNA is only made up of one strand.
•RNA is also made up of 4 nucleic bases:
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Uracil (U)
How is RNA made?
•When it is time for DNA to instruct the cell
to make something, the DNA will unzip.
•Free floating Nucleic bases will pair up on the
exposed DNA bases.
•C with G
•G with C
•T with A
•A with U
•Once completed, the RNA molecule will
detach from the DNA and the DNA will rezip.