Download Investigation 3 power point

Dna & Genetics: the building
blocks of life
Ariel white period 2 biology
Introduction
In this investigation, my goal was to answer the
essential question “How do species continue and
change?” I then divided the essential question
into sub questions that will gradually answer this
question. So read on to learn some more.
what is dna and how is it like
computer software?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the chain inside
every organism that stores and transmits the
genetic information that tells cells which proteins
to make and when to make them.
here is a picture of Dna
molecules
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/
page/molecular%20biology/16-05-doublehelix.jpg
what are genetics & how do the result in
predictable patterns
Genetics are the traits passed from parents to
offspring. There are two types of genes.
Dominant genes and recessive genes. The way
genes work is if both parents have a recessive
gene the offspring may receive that gene. If one
or both parents have a dominant gene, the
offspring will most likely receive that gene.
How do cells make copies?
DNA copies itself by split ing into two parts.
RNA is made from DNA in a process called
transcription.
DNA replication rules
1) Cytosine bonds with guanine-parts of DNA
strand
2) Adenine bonds with tymine-also parts of DNA
strand
Transcription process
First, RNA polymerase, the primary transcription
enzyme, synthesis.
Next RNA copies specific sequences of DNA.
Then, polymerase initiates RNA transcription by
binding regions of DNA called promoters. This
step marks the beginning of the DNA chain.
Steps of transcription cont.
In eukaryotes, this marks a single gene. In
prokaryotes, the marks several functionally
related genes.
When polymerase bind the DNA molecule
separates. Only one separated chain called the
template is used for transcription.
Next, Polymerase attaches to the first nucleotide
of the template chain.
Steps of transcription cont.
It then begins adding nucleotides to the forming
RNA molecule. The rules are the same as in
DNA replication.
Transcription then continues until polymerase
reaches specific signal that marks the end of a
gene in eukaryotes & may mark the end of
several functionally related genes in prokaryotes.
Heres a picture of rna
transcription
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0123260/basic%20k
nowledge/images/basic%20knowledge/RNA/tran
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction is the production of
offspring form the combination of genetic material
for two parent organisms.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction it the production of
offspring that does not involve the union of
gametes.
HOw does environment
influence genes?
As the environment changes so do genes. For
example if it suddenly gets colder animals will
begin to pass on traits of warmer coats. The
changes of these genes are called evolution.
how does knowledge of dna
help society?
Learning about DNA helps us learn about diseases
and how we can prevent them. We now know
about mutations, genetic errors in DNA, so there is
hope that we can now find a cure.
Another way DNA technology is used is an example
comes from the past. While at the King Tut exhibit
at the Denver Art museum, I learned that by taking
DNA samples from the bones, scientist can now
compare mol-aria for ancient Egypt to mol-aria now,
which could lead to a cure.
DNA technology cont.
Another way DNA technology is used to to
identify a person. Another fact I had learned at
the King Tut exhibit at the Denver Art Museum
was that there was once a question of whether
Tutankhamun was really the son of the previous
Pharaoh. Through DNA testing, scientists were
able to confirm that he really was the son of the
previous Pharaoh in Egypt.
Scientists taking Dna samples of
preserved person to study diseases
http://www.independent.co.uk/multimedia/archive
/00424/24neweur2_424224b.jpg
Conclusion
These are the DNA basics and what it could be
used for. Thank you for watching this
presentation.
Bibliography
Modern Biology, Unit 3, pages 162-257
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0123260/basic%20knowledge/images/basic%20k
nowledge/RNA/transcription.jpg
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/molecular%20biology/1
6-05-doublehelix.jpg
http://www.independent.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00424/24neweur2_424224b
.jpg
King Tut Exhibit- Tutankhamun the Golden King and Great Pharaohs at the
Denver Art Museum, October 16, 2010
Music from the album: Tutankhamun and the Gold Age of the Pharohs. The
song is called Tutankhamun