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Transcription and Translation How DNA is used Where is DNA? • Human Cells contain DNA molecules in bundles called chromosomes. • There are 46 chromosomes in each human cell. (Except Sex Cells) • Each molecule is coiled up and bundled much like yarn from a craft store. • When unwound, DNA looks like a ladder. • The code of DNA is stored in the sequence of bases that make up the “rungs” to the ladder. Transcription • DNA must remain in the nucleus, but proteins are made in the ribosomes. • The code must be copied through a process called transcription. • DNA unwinds, and separates to expose 1 side of the code. • mRNA is built by connecting nucleotides 1 at a time that are complimentary to the code. • RNA replaces (T)hymine with (U)racil so it can leave the nucleus. Translation • mRNA takes the codons to the ribosome. • tRNA brings amino acids one at a time in a specific order by matching 3 base pairs with the mRNA. • Each new amino acid brought by the tRNAs is added to the growing protein chain. Check it Out! • http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html