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PASS Objectives
Content Standard 2.1
Cells function according to the
information contained in the
master code of DNA
(i.e., cell cycle, DNA to DNA,
and DNA to RNA).
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The double helix
shape of the
DNA molecule
was first
described by
Watson and
Crick in 1953.
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#1 DNA - 4 min
DNA
Replication
The process of
duplicating a
DNA molecule.
DNA
Replication
The DNA
molecule
begins to
unzip at
one end...
DNA
Replication
then each side
"replicates"
the missing
part...
DNA
Replication
producing two
molecules identical
to the original.
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#2 Replication - 7 min
If a cell was the
size of the earth...
a chromosome would be
the size of a country...
a piece of chromosome would
be the size of a state...
a gene would be
the size of a city...
and nucleotides (A, T, C, & G)
would be the size of people.
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Proteins are
involved in
ALL biological
processes.
is
different
from
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#3 RNA - 3 min
A chicken has 78
Chromosomes
A cat has 38
Chromosomes
An earthworm has 36
Chromosomes
A horse has 64
Chromosomes
Wheat has 42
Chromosomes
A white-tailed deer has
42 Chromosomes
An amoeba has 13
Chromosomes
Ophioglossum reticulatum,
a species of fern, has the
largest number of
chromosomes, 1,260!
The smallest number of
chromosomes would be
1, the circular chromosome
found in most bacteria.
Gene
from the
male
Gene
from the
female
ALLELES are different forms
of a gene for a specific trait.
They may be the same,
or different...
but they are always found at
the same locus on
homologous chromosomes.
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What does this karyotype tell you?
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How is this one different from the first?
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How is this one different from both?
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DNA stands for _____
DNA stands for _____
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The shape of a DNA
molecule is a _____
The shape of a DNA
molecule DNA
is a _____
double helix
The four nucleotides
in DNA are _____
The four nucleotides
DNA
in DNA are
_____
A C T G
A always pairs with _____
A always pairs with _____
DNA
T
DNA is a molecule
composed of repeating
units, making it a _____
DNA is a molecule
composedDNA
of repeating
units, making it a _____
Polymer
DNA is normally found
in a cell in long strands
known as _____
DNA is normally found
in a cell inDNA
long strands
known as _____
Chromatin
Chromosomes are only
found in cells when
they are about to _____
Chromosomes are only
DNAwhen
found in cells
they are about to _____
Divide
Segments of a DNA
molecule that code for
a particular protein
are called _____
Segments of a DNA
molecule that code for
DNA
a particular protein
are called _____
Genes
The process of
duplicating a DNA
molecule is called _____
The process of
duplicating a DNA
DNA
molecule is called _____
Replication
DNA makes RNA by
a process called _____
DNA makes RNA by
a processDNA
called _____
Transcription
RNA makes proteins by
a process called _____
RNA makes proteins by
a processDNA
called _____
Translation
The sugar found in
RNA is _____
The sugar found in
RNA is _____
DNA
Ribose
Instead of the nucleotide
thymine, RNA has _____
Instead of the nucleotide
thymine, RNA
has
_____
DNA
Urasil
Instead of a double
strand molecule,
RNA is a _____
Instead of a double
strand molecule,
DNA
RNA is a _____
Single strand
_____ RNA carries
information from the
nucleus to the ribosomes.
_____ RNA carries
information
from
the
DNA
nucleus to the ribosomes.
Messenger
_____ are linked in the
ribosomes to make
proteins.
_____ are linked in the
ribosomes
to
make
DNA
proteins.
Amino acids
_____ RNA brings the
amino acids to the
ribosomes.
_____ RNA brings the
amino acids
to
the
DNA
ribosomes.
Transfer
A human body cell
has _____ pairs of
chromosomes.
A human body cell
has _____
pairs
of
DNA
chromosomes.
23
A pair of chromosomes
in a body cell are called
_____ chromosomes.
A pair of chromosomes
in a body DNA
cell are called
_____ chromosomes.
homologous
A human sex cell has
_____ chromosomes.
A human sex cell has
_____ chromosomes.
DNA
23
The point where two
chromatids attach is
called the _____.
The point where two
chromatids
attach is
DNA
called the _____.
Centromere
Different forms of
the same gene
are called _____.
Different forms of
the same
gene
DNA
are called _____.
Alleles
A chart of chromosomes
arranged in homologous
pairs is called a _____.
A chart of chromosomes
arranged in
homologous
DNA
pairs is called a _____.
Karyotype
A person whose pair of
sex chromosomes is
XX is a _____.
A person whose pair of
sex chromosomes
is
DNA
XX is a _____.
Female