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PASS Objectives Content Standard 2.1 Cells function according to the information contained in the master code of DNA (i.e., cell cycle, DNA to DNA, and DNA to RNA). QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. The double helix shape of the DNA molecule was first described by Watson and Crick in 1953. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Quic kTime™ and a Sorenson Video decompress or are needed to s ee this picture. #1 DNA - 4 min DNA Replication The process of duplicating a DNA molecule. DNA Replication The DNA molecule begins to unzip at one end... DNA Replication then each side "replicates" the missing part... DNA Replication producing two molecules identical to the original. Quic kTime™ and a Sorenson Video decompress or are needed to s ee this picture. #2 Replication - 7 min If a cell was the size of the earth... a chromosome would be the size of a country... a piece of chromosome would be the size of a state... a gene would be the size of a city... and nucleotides (A, T, C, & G) would be the size of people. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Proteins are involved in ALL biological processes. is different from Quic kTime™ and a Sorenson Video decompress or are needed to s ee this picture. #3 RNA - 3 min A chicken has 78 Chromosomes A cat has 38 Chromosomes An earthworm has 36 Chromosomes A horse has 64 Chromosomes Wheat has 42 Chromosomes A white-tailed deer has 42 Chromosomes An amoeba has 13 Chromosomes Ophioglossum reticulatum, a species of fern, has the largest number of chromosomes, 1,260! The smallest number of chromosomes would be 1, the circular chromosome found in most bacteria. Gene from the male Gene from the female ALLELES are different forms of a gene for a specific trait. They may be the same, or different... but they are always found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. What does this karyotype tell you? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. How is this one different from the first? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. How is this one different from both? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. DNA stands for _____ DNA stands for _____ DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid The shape of a DNA molecule is a _____ The shape of a DNA molecule DNA is a _____ double helix The four nucleotides in DNA are _____ The four nucleotides DNA in DNA are _____ A C T G A always pairs with _____ A always pairs with _____ DNA T DNA is a molecule composed of repeating units, making it a _____ DNA is a molecule composedDNA of repeating units, making it a _____ Polymer DNA is normally found in a cell in long strands known as _____ DNA is normally found in a cell inDNA long strands known as _____ Chromatin Chromosomes are only found in cells when they are about to _____ Chromosomes are only DNAwhen found in cells they are about to _____ Divide Segments of a DNA molecule that code for a particular protein are called _____ Segments of a DNA molecule that code for DNA a particular protein are called _____ Genes The process of duplicating a DNA molecule is called _____ The process of duplicating a DNA DNA molecule is called _____ Replication DNA makes RNA by a process called _____ DNA makes RNA by a processDNA called _____ Transcription RNA makes proteins by a process called _____ RNA makes proteins by a processDNA called _____ Translation The sugar found in RNA is _____ The sugar found in RNA is _____ DNA Ribose Instead of the nucleotide thymine, RNA has _____ Instead of the nucleotide thymine, RNA has _____ DNA Urasil Instead of a double strand molecule, RNA is a _____ Instead of a double strand molecule, DNA RNA is a _____ Single strand _____ RNA carries information from the nucleus to the ribosomes. _____ RNA carries information from the DNA nucleus to the ribosomes. Messenger _____ are linked in the ribosomes to make proteins. _____ are linked in the ribosomes to make DNA proteins. Amino acids _____ RNA brings the amino acids to the ribosomes. _____ RNA brings the amino acids to the DNA ribosomes. Transfer A human body cell has _____ pairs of chromosomes. A human body cell has _____ pairs of DNA chromosomes. 23 A pair of chromosomes in a body cell are called _____ chromosomes. A pair of chromosomes in a body DNA cell are called _____ chromosomes. homologous A human sex cell has _____ chromosomes. A human sex cell has _____ chromosomes. DNA 23 The point where two chromatids attach is called the _____. The point where two chromatids attach is DNA called the _____. Centromere Different forms of the same gene are called _____. Different forms of the same gene DNA are called _____. Alleles A chart of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs is called a _____. A chart of chromosomes arranged in homologous DNA pairs is called a _____. Karyotype A person whose pair of sex chromosomes is XX is a _____. A person whose pair of sex chromosomes is DNA XX is a _____. Female