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Cullen Lecture 4:
Genomics and Proteomics
(A Techniques-Based Lecture)
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DNA Microarray Analysis
Two-hybrid Analysis
Synthetic Genetic Analysis
DNA Microarrays
A separate PCR product
for each gene in the genome
Every gene is represented by a unique spot of DNA on the slide
DNA Microarrays
The microarray can then be used to compare the expression of
all of the genes in the genome simultaneously
DNA Microarrays
After hybridization, a scanner is used to measure the
fluorescence signal from each spot
Green -- expression of the gene
is higher after drug treatment
Red -- expression of the gene
is lower after drug treatment
Yellow (Red:Green = 1)
-- no change in the expression
of the gene
DNA Microarrays
Data from multiple microarray experiment can be grouped and
analyzed to identify genes that are coordinately regulated.
E.g. Part of the transcriptional pattern of genes in a
fibroblast responding to serum stimulation:
Targets of the FG pathway
DNA Microarrays
Use as a diagnostic tool
DNA Microarrays
Use as diagnostic tool
Green spots identify genes
upregulated in the tumor
Red spots genes that are
downregulated in the tumor
Genome-Wide Genetic Screens
MSB2 was identified in both screens
Synthetic Genetic Analysis
Gene 1
(mutant 1)
Process 1
Gene 2
(mutant 2)
Process 3
Shared Function
(dead)
Process 2
SGA analysis on a Genome-wide Scale
Mutant 1 + Mutant 2
FOA (Mutant 1 and Mutant 2)
(all deletions) pGENE1 Lacking pGENE1 (dead?)
MSB2 was identified in both screens