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Transcript
Cellular Transport Notes About Cell Membranes 1.All cells have a _____ _________ 2.Functions: a.Controls what enters and exits the cell ___ _________________ called ____________ b.Provides _________ and _______ for the cell TEM picture of a real cell membrane. About Cell Membranes (continued) 3.Structure of cell membrane Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of _____________ a.Phosphate head is _____ (________ - water loving) b.Fatty acid tails ________ (__________ - water fearing) c._________ embedded in membrane Phospholipid Lipid Bilayer Polar heads _____________ love water ______of the & dissolve. cell membrane Non-polar tails hide from water. Carbohydrate cell markers Proteins Membrane movement animation About Cell Membranes (continued) • 4. Cell membranes have ______(holes) in it a.____________ ___________: Allows some molecules in and keeps other molecules out b.The ___________ helps it be selective! Pores Structure of the Cell Membrane Outside of cell Proteins Lipid Bilayer Transport Protein Animations of membrane Go to structure Section: Carbohydrate chains Phospholipids Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Types of Cellular Transport •Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport • Weeee!! ! Passive Transport cell ________ use energy 1. _________ 2. _________ _________ 3. _________ • high low Active Transport cell ____ use energy 1. _______ ________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ This is gonna be hard work!! high low Passive Transport • • • cell _____ ___ _________ molecules move __________ Molecules spread out from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____concentration. • (HighLow) • Three types. . . 3 Types of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with the help of _________ _________ 3. Osmosis – diffusion __ _______ Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion Simple Diffusion Animation 1. Diffusion: ______ movement of particles from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ____ concentration. (High to Low) • Diffusion continues until all molecules are _____ _______ (__________ is reached)-Note: molecules will still _____ ______ but stay spread out. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion A 2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles ______ _______ ________ found in the _________ a.Transport Proteins are ________ – they “select” only certain molecules to cross the membrane b.Transports _______ or ________ molecules Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein) Carrier Protein B Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer) Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion Glucose molecules Cellular Transport From aHigh Concentration High • Channel Proteins animations Cell Membrane Low Concentration Through a Go to Section: Transport Protein Protein channel Low Passive Transport: 3. Osmosis • 3.Osmosis: diffusion of _______ through a selectively permeable membrane • Water moves from _____ to ____ concentrations Osmosis animation •Water moves freely through pores. •Solute (green) too large to move across. Effects of Osmosis on Life • Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane. • Hypertonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypertonic: The solution has a ______ concentration of solutes and a ______ concentration of water than inside the cell. (High _______; Low _______) shrinks Result: Water moves from ______ the cell _____ the solution: Cell shrinks (______________)! • Hypotonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Hypotonic: The solution has a _____ concentration of solutes and a ______ concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low ______; High _______) Result: Water moves _____ the solution __ ______the cell): Cell _______ and _____ _____ (cytolysis)! • Isotonic Solution Osmosis Animations for isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is _____ to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Result: Water moves equally in ____ __________and the cell _____ _______ _____! (Dynamic Equilibrium) What type of solution are these cells in? A _________ B ________ C _________ How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure •Bacteria and plants have ____ _____ that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called ____ _________. •A protist like paramecium has _______ _________that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding. http://www.linkpublishing.com/video-transport.htm#Osmosis_-_Red_Onion •Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized ___ so they do not dehydrate. •Animal cells are bathed in ______. Kidneys keep the blood _________ by removing excess salt and water. •Active Transport • Cell _____/______ energy • Energy (___) is released in the mitochondria • Actively ______ molecules to where they are needed • Movement from an area of ___ concentration to an area of ____ concentration (materials move __/________ the concentration gradient) • (Low High) • Three Types . . . Types of Active Transport 1. Protein Pumps – ________/_____ proteins that require energy to do work. Each carrier protein is ________. Ie: it can only transport the solute particle that __ into the shape of the carrier protein’s ______ site. Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy! Types of Active Transport Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Protein Pump Examples: a) Calcium Pumps – transport Ca+2 ____ ___ a cell b) Sodium / Potassium Pumps - are important in nerve responses and transport Na+ ___ and K+ ___ a cell http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/ANIMTNS/Na-Kpump.htm Types of Active Transport 2. Endocytosis: taking _____ material ____ a cell • • • • Uses energy Cell membrane in-folds around ____ ________ “cell eating” Forms food ________ & enzymes from lysosomes ________ food Types of Active Transport 2 Types of Endocytosis: i) Phagocytosis – used to absorb _____ particles. ie: ________ “eating” ciliates & ____ ____ ____ “eating” viruses/microbes Types of Active Transport ii) Pinocytosis – used to absorb ______ ________ ie: Intestine cells absorbing fat Types of Active Transport 3. Exocytosis: Forces material ____ ____cell in bulk • Membrane surrounding the material (vacuole formed from golgi apparatus) fuses with cell membrane http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/elearning/raven6/resources06.mhtml • Cell changes ______ – requires energy ie: Hormones or wastes released from cell Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations Types of Active Transport Cytoplasmic Streaming – Cytoplasm _____ _______ around inside the cell - Requires ______ from the cell - Probably uses ____________ of protein in the cytoplasm http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=wEK9EdvDz2w