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Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 1
Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 1

... a) Describe the conditions of the atmosphere on prebiotic earth and how these conditions differ from what is found today. Prebiotic earth had an atmosphere that lacked oxygen, but was rich in H2, N2, CO2, H2O, and sulfurous gases. In the absence of O2 and O3, the UV light penetrated in far greater s ...
Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans
Nonstop mRNA Decay: a Special Attribute of Trans

... the hybrid transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its essential protein co-factor, SmpB, is the principal translation quality control system for rescuing unproductively stalled ribosomes. Two specialized alternative rescue pathways, coordinated by ArfA and ArfB, have been recently discovered. The SmpB-t ...
A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF SELECTED ARGININE AND
A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF SELECTED ARGININE AND

... Hemostasis is essential in protecting the body from excessive blood loss by forming a hemostatic plug at the site of injury. Despite the simplicity of the statement, the process is a very complex and thus requires a balance between clot formation (coagulation) and clot dissolution (fibrinolysis) (Fi ...
Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in yeast Saccharomyces
Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in yeast Saccharomyces

University of Groningen Citrate driven transamination for
University of Groningen Citrate driven transamination for

... lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis is commonly used in milk fermentations due to the ability to metabolize citrate and is hardly found in other environments. The genes encoding the citrate metabolic pathway are located on the chromosome, in contrast to the gene encoding the citrate uptake sys ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

... microbial carnitine metabolism was not described until more than 50 years later (Fraenkel & Friedman, 1957). In the intervening years, microbiologists have described the roles for carnitine in bacteria, where it can be used as a final electron acceptor, a compatible solute, or as a sole carbon, nitr ...
The network of calcium regulation in muscle
The network of calcium regulation in muscle

... (PMCA). A (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-activated ATPase of about 130 kDa is present in the plasma membranes of most eukaryotic cells, including plants (Guerini & Carafoli, 1999; Strehler & Zacharias, 2001). It catalyzes the ATP-dependent transport of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. The Ca2+-d ...
procite - UWI St. Augustine
procite - UWI St. Augustine

... {BEGIN} ...
ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation
ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation

... In order to define whether this lack of repression was due to the ADP–DnaA/ATP–DnaA switch, we analyzed a DNA fragment containing ATP–DnaA boxes a, b, c and DnaA boxes 1 and 2 in the BIAcore. Binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein to a wild-type and a dnaA820 DNA fragment was tested. In addition, we t ...
Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release
Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release

... understanding of the mechanism of stop codon recognition utilized by eRF1, since eRF1 3-dimensitional structure is significantly different. To gain a better understanding of how eRF1 is able to mediate this essential function, we extensively analyzed two motifs known to play a significant role in st ...
Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate
Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate

... serine were able to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon source, even when the general PTS proteins enzyme I and HPr were not functional (Wehtje et al., 1995). Glycerol kinase in these mutants was therefore assumed to possess elevated activity, rendering glycerol uptake and metabolism independent of ...
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That

... sequence, a DNA probe was used to screen a X cDNA library prepared from strain 63501. Clones were isolated containing thè full-length gene (d25), which showed homology with a number of polysaccharìde deacetylases from fungi and bacteria. The recombinant d25 protein expressed in Escherìchia coli was ...
Identification and first characterization of pairing
Identification and first characterization of pairing

... Greenberg & , 2005; Cioli & Pica-Mattoccia, 2003). Also first evidence exists for reduced PZQ effects in patients and from laboratory studies justifying the fear of upcoming resistance against this drug (Doenhoff et al., 2009; Melman et al., 2009; Cioli & Pica-Mattoccia, 2003). The mechanism of acti ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division

... The role of FtsZ in cell division .................................................................................... 8 FtsZ ring positioning........................................................................................... 8 Targeting of other cell division proteins to the FtsZ ring ..... ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and

Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Activates a
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Activates a

Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate

... The purification of chorismate synthase starting from 50 g (wet weight) of E. gracilis cells is summarized in Table I. Chorismate synthase activity was not readily detectable in crude extracts of E. gracilis due to the presence of low molecular weight inhibitory material. To determine chorismate syn ...
Matching catalytic activity to developmental function: Tolloid
Matching catalytic activity to developmental function: Tolloid

PRH/Hex - Biochemical Journal
PRH/Hex - Biochemical Journal

... composed of almost four times as many acidic residues as basic residues [1] and has been shown to be involved in transcriptional activation of the bile transporter gene NTCP (sodium-dependent bile acid co-transporter) [30]. PRH binds to the NTCP promoter and activates transcription using the homeodo ...
Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect
Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect

... Genetically modified maize 1507 x 59122 has previously been risk assessed by the VKM Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO), commissioned by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency related to the EFSAs public hearing of the applications EFSA/GMO/NL/2005/15 and ...
Regulation of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)
Regulation of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)

... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive bacterium used in the biotechnological production of amino acids. It co-metabolizes most substrates, such as glucose and sucrose. The uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of those two substrates is mediated by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent ph ...
two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of actinin
two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of actinin

C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during
C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during

Presentation part1-201210091211
Presentation part1-201210091211

... Under normal physiological conditions, the primary site of carnitine production is in the liver. During lactation, the production of carnitine in the mammary gland increases, apparently at the expense of production in the mother's liver, which is also accompanied by reduced hepatic enzymatic and tra ...
Reabsorption of the Nephrotoxin Ochratoxin A Along the Rat
Reabsorption of the Nephrotoxin Ochratoxin A Along the Rat

... due to diffusion. Furthermore, “distal” reabsorption decreased with increasing pH in the infusion solution. Because OTA is a weak organic acid with a pKa value of 7.1 (KuiperGoodman and Scott, 1989) an increase in pH from 6.0 to 7.4 reduces the fraction of uncharged (nondissociated) OTA from 93 to 3 ...
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Magnesium transporter

This page links directly from the magnesium in biological systems page.Magnesium transporters are proteins that transport magnesium across the cell membrane. All forms of life require magnesium, yet the molecular mechanisms of Mg2+ uptake from the environment and the distribution of this vital element within the organism are only slowly being elucidated.In bacteria, Mg2+ is probably mainly supplied by the CorA protein and, where the CorA protein is absent, by the MgtE protein. In yeast the initial uptake is via the Alr1p and Alr2p proteins, but at this stage the only internal Mg2+ distributing protein identified is Mrs2p. Within the protozoa only one Mg2+ transporter (XntAp) has been identified. In metazoa, Mrs2p and MgtE homologues have been identified, along with two novel Mg2+ transport systems TRPM6/TRPM7 and PCLN-1. Finally, in plants, a family of Mrs2p homologues has been identified along with another novel protein, AtMHX.
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