* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 7-1_SegmOrgSpinCord_BogdanyP
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Neurolinguistics wikipedia , lookup
Haemodynamic response wikipedia , lookup
Human brain wikipedia , lookup
Selfish brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Neuroscience and intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
Brain Rules wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Neurophilosophy wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neuroplasticity wikipedia , lookup
Aging brain wikipedia , lookup
Neuroinformatics wikipedia , lookup
History of neuroimaging wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Holonomic brain theory wikipedia , lookup
Brain morphometry wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychology wikipedia , lookup
Proprioception wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Evoked potential wikipedia , lookup
The segmental organization of the spinal cord Oral presentation by Peter Bogdány The spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system. It collects data from the peripherical nervous system – sensory information - , and innervate skeletal and smooth muscles – motoric function - that mediate voluntary and involuntary reflexes. As an example, the knee jerk reflex can happen without the role of the brain and as a result, it is much faster. The spinal cord is divided into four different regions: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions. The cord is segmentally organized. There are 31 segments, defined by 31 pairs of nerves exiting the cord. These nerves are divided into 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal nerve. These nerves collect and spread, transfer information from/to differents parts of the body. The cord is sheathed in the same three meninges as is the brain: the pia, arachnoid and dura. The dura is the tough outer sheath, the arachnoid lies beneath it, and the pia closely adheres to the surface of the cord. Each nerve emerges in two short branches (roots): The motor or anterior root exits at the front of the cord, while the sensoy or posterior root enters at the back. The motor roots carry commands from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body, particularly to skeletal muscles. The sensory roots carry information to the brain from other parts of the body. The butterfly-shape part of the cord is the grey matter, which contains cell bodies of neurons. The outer part is the white matter, which contains myelinated axons. The amount of the white and grey matter is different in sections of the cord. Lower levels contain less ascending and descending nerve fibers, so the gray matter is more than the white one. The central canal, also known as ependymal canal, is the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the entire spinal cord. The central canal helps to transport nutrients to the spinal cord as well as protect it by cushioning the impact of a force when the spine is affected. Sources: http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter03.html http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders/biology-ofthe-nervous-system/spinal-cord https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_canal