* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 14-3: Human Molecular Genetics
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Transposable element wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Whole genome sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Human Genome Project wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
14-3: Human Molecular Genetics Objectives: 1)What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? 2)What is gene therapy? Human DNA Analysis Biologists search the volumes of the human genome using sequences of DNA bases. Testing for Alleles Variety of genetic tests Use labeled DNA probes Detect the complementary base sequences found in disease-causing alleles Search for changes in restriction enzyme cutting sites Detect differences between the lengths of normal and abnormal alleles Testing for Alleles cont’d DNA testing can pinpoint the exact genetic basis of a disorder Possible to develop more effective treatment for individuals affected by genetic disease DNA Fingerprinting All DNA is different except for identical twins DNA fingerprinting: analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but vary widely from one individual to another DNA Fingerprinting cont’d How DNA fingerprinting works A small sample of human DNA is cut with a restriction enzyme Fragments are separated by size Using gel electrophoresis Fragments are detected with a DNA probe Revealing several DNA bands of various sizes DNA Fingerprinting cont’d DNA samples can be obtained from Blood Sperm Hair strands with tissue at the base DNA Fingerprinting cont’d Has been used in the USA since the late 1980’s Has helped Convict criminals Overturn many convictions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= XXQP_67B5yw The Human Genome Project 1990: Scientists in USA and other countries began the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is an ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence June 2000: Scientists announced that a working copy of the human genome was essentially complete Rapid Sequencing 1)Determine the sequence of bases in widely separated regions of DNA a) Used as markers i) Made it possible to locate and return to specific locations in the genome Rapid Sequencing cont’d “Shotgun sequencing”: cutting DNA into random fragments and then determining the sequence of bases in each fragment Computers Found areas of overlap between the fragments Put the fragments together by linking the overlapping areas Aligned the fragments relative to the known markers on each chromosome Searching for Genes Only a small part of a human DNA molecule is made up of genes. Continue to search for genes in many ways Research groups around the world Analyzing the huge amount of information in the DNA sequence Looking for genes that may provide useful clues to some of the basic properties of life A Breakthrough for Everyone You can watch/read about the latest genome data on the internet. Gene Therapy Gene therapy: the process of changing the gene that causes a genetic disorder In gene therapy, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene. The body can make the correct protein or enzyme it needs http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/gene-therapy-in-a-new-light130742057/?no-ist Exit Ticket Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences. You may NOT use your book. You MAY use your notes. This is a quiz grade. 1) What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? 2) What is gene therapy?