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Transcript
DNA – Chromosomes - Genes DNA •DNA: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. •The material inside the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information. • The scientific name for DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Chromosomes • A chromosome is one of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. • Different kinds of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. • Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 in all: 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. • Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair, so children get half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their fathers. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Gene • A gene is the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. • Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Genome • A genome is all the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes the chromosomes plus the DNA in mitochondria (and DNA in the chloroplasts of plant cells). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
