Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... ATPase mutants, we simplified the analysis of FRAP experiments by synchronizing cells in G1 phase and by photobleaching only within the nucleus (Figure 2C). To determine the diffusion coefficient of cohesin that is not bound to chromatin, we also analyzed the FRAP redistribution kinetics of cohesin ...
... ATPase mutants, we simplified the analysis of FRAP experiments by synchronizing cells in G1 phase and by photobleaching only within the nucleus (Figure 2C). To determine the diffusion coefficient of cohesin that is not bound to chromatin, we also analyzed the FRAP redistribution kinetics of cohesin ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... been suspected that the essential role of co-activator proteins in APC/C activation might be to recruit substrates to APC/C, analogously to the role of adaptor proteins in SCF complexes. This view was supported by the observations that Cdc20 and Cdh1 can confer a limited degree of substrate specific ...
... been suspected that the essential role of co-activator proteins in APC/C activation might be to recruit substrates to APC/C, analogously to the role of adaptor proteins in SCF complexes. This view was supported by the observations that Cdc20 and Cdh1 can confer a limited degree of substrate specific ...
The female-killing chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was
... Bombyx mori is a female-heterogametic organism (female, ZW; male, ZZ) that appears to have a putative feminizing gene (Fem) on the W chromosome. The paternally transmitted mutant W chromosome, Df(pSa+pW+od)Fem, derived from the translocation-carrying W chromosome (pSa+pW+od), is inert as femaleness ...
... Bombyx mori is a female-heterogametic organism (female, ZW; male, ZZ) that appears to have a putative feminizing gene (Fem) on the W chromosome. The paternally transmitted mutant W chromosome, Df(pSa+pW+od)Fem, derived from the translocation-carrying W chromosome (pSa+pW+od), is inert as femaleness ...
PDF
... gained the ability to regulate their size, which required GLYT1 activity. Before ovulation, oocyte size was instead determined by a strong adhesion to the rigid extracellular matrix of the oocyte, the zona pellucida, which was released coincident with GLYT1 activation. The ability to acutely regulat ...
... gained the ability to regulate their size, which required GLYT1 activity. Before ovulation, oocyte size was instead determined by a strong adhesion to the rigid extracellular matrix of the oocyte, the zona pellucida, which was released coincident with GLYT1 activation. The ability to acutely regulat ...
Genetics Practice Test
... 58. An organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the organism’s body cells. 59. Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called ____________________. 60. The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map. 61. In humans, ...
... 58. An organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the organism’s body cells. 59. Crossing-over occurs during the stage of meiosis called ____________________. 60. The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map. 61. In humans, ...
24 Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination
... average. Likewise, crossover in the NAHR hotspot in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A)-REP (2) does not appear to be significantly more frequent than the average genomewide recombination rate and has been referred to as a positional specificity for strand exchange (3). Nonetheless, stud ...
... average. Likewise, crossover in the NAHR hotspot in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A)-REP (2) does not appear to be significantly more frequent than the average genomewide recombination rate and has been referred to as a positional specificity for strand exchange (3). Nonetheless, stud ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... We generated a new Glued allele, Gl⌬22, by imprecise excision of the P-element l(3)KG07739 inserted into the 5⬘-UTR encoding region of the Glued gene (Bellen et al., 2004). PCR and sequence analysis revealed that Gl⌬22 contains a ⬃3.2-kb deletion removing the presumptive transcriptional start site o ...
... We generated a new Glued allele, Gl⌬22, by imprecise excision of the P-element l(3)KG07739 inserted into the 5⬘-UTR encoding region of the Glued gene (Bellen et al., 2004). PCR and sequence analysis revealed that Gl⌬22 contains a ⬃3.2-kb deletion removing the presumptive transcriptional start site o ...
Mapping of QTL for body conformation and behavior in cattle
... The genetic marker map covered 3155.5 cM of the bovine genome across all autosomes and the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes. The average marker interval was 13.9 cM and ranged from 6.0 cM (chromosome 23) to 23.2 cM (chromosome 9) on individual chromosomes (Table 2). A total of 60 QTL wi ...
... The genetic marker map covered 3155.5 cM of the bovine genome across all autosomes and the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes. The average marker interval was 13.9 cM and ranged from 6.0 cM (chromosome 23) to 23.2 cM (chromosome 9) on individual chromosomes (Table 2). A total of 60 QTL wi ...
TRANSLOCATIONS INVOLVING T H E THIRD AND THE FOURTH
... treated second and third chromosomes, no D,Bl, D e, and Bze, individuals of either sex are expected in his progeny. Likewise, if such a male carries a translocation involving the treated second and X-chromosomes, no BZ males and no non-Bz females are expected in his progeny (or, BZmales and non-B1 f ...
... treated second and third chromosomes, no D,Bl, D e, and Bze, individuals of either sex are expected in his progeny. Likewise, if such a male carries a translocation involving the treated second and X-chromosomes, no BZ males and no non-Bz females are expected in his progeny (or, BZmales and non-B1 f ...
Good quality blastocyst from non-/mono
... mono- or non-pronuclear embryos which is especially interesting for poor ovarian response women. However, there is no study giving an appropriate way to select the available mono- and non-pronuclear zygotes in clinic. In the present study, we found that the incidence rates of blastocysts with normal ...
... mono- or non-pronuclear embryos which is especially interesting for poor ovarian response women. However, there is no study giving an appropriate way to select the available mono- and non-pronuclear zygotes in clinic. In the present study, we found that the incidence rates of blastocysts with normal ...
Neurospora tetrasperma crosses heterozygous for hybrid
... the breakpoint undergoes second-division segregation (figure 2). Figure 2 shows that ascospores that receive a pair of ‘first-cousin’ nuclei can become homoallelic for markers that underwent first-division segregation and heteroallelic for markers that underwent second-division segregation, whereas ...
... the breakpoint undergoes second-division segregation (figure 2). Figure 2 shows that ascospores that receive a pair of ‘first-cousin’ nuclei can become homoallelic for markers that underwent first-division segregation and heteroallelic for markers that underwent second-division segregation, whereas ...
genetics and cytogenetics
... watery background in which are many tiny globules of an im'; miscible substance, giving it the appearance of milk that has been shaken up. In the watery part may be suspended many extremely small particles or granules, which may be arranged so as to form an interlacing net;,'ork. In the liquid part ...
... watery background in which are many tiny globules of an im'; miscible substance, giving it the appearance of milk that has been shaken up. In the watery part may be suspended many extremely small particles or granules, which may be arranged so as to form an interlacing net;,'ork. In the liquid part ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HETEROKARYOTIC AND
... This study presents new results in several areas. We have discovered that complementary M. grisea auxotrophs form prototrophic heterokaryons in which conidia and single hyphal tip subcultures are auxotrophs with phenotypes identical to one or the other of the parental strains, as first described for ...
... This study presents new results in several areas. We have discovered that complementary M. grisea auxotrophs form prototrophic heterokaryons in which conidia and single hyphal tip subcultures are auxotrophs with phenotypes identical to one or the other of the parental strains, as first described for ...
Drosophila Xpd Regulates Cdk7 Localization, Mitotic Kinase
... Making embryos that specifically lack Xpd Direct testing of potential cell cycle functions of xpd in the absence of a transcriptional requirement should be possible if we can make young preblastoderm embryos that lack Xpd. During the rapid nuclear divisions of the preblastoderm stage, embryonic tran ...
... Making embryos that specifically lack Xpd Direct testing of potential cell cycle functions of xpd in the absence of a transcriptional requirement should be possible if we can make young preblastoderm embryos that lack Xpd. During the rapid nuclear divisions of the preblastoderm stage, embryonic tran ...
Neurospora Spore Killers Sk-2 and Sk
... mod(pr) is located just outside of it (Figure 1). We are interested in another seemingly unrelated ascus-dominant phenomenon called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). If a copy of a gene is not properly paired with its homolog during prophase I, the MSUD mechanism creates a sequence-specific ...
... mod(pr) is located just outside of it (Figure 1). We are interested in another seemingly unrelated ascus-dominant phenomenon called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). If a copy of a gene is not properly paired with its homolog during prophase I, the MSUD mechanism creates a sequence-specific ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the other fuses with the diploid central cell to form the nutritive endosperm (Maheshwari, 1950; Knox, 1984). Thus, from the t ...
... through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the other fuses with the diploid central cell to form the nutritive endosperm (Maheshwari, 1950; Knox, 1984). Thus, from the t ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... the anther, pollen that lands on a receptive stigma extends a pollen tube, formed from the vegetative cell, which grows through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the ot ...
... the anther, pollen that lands on a receptive stigma extends a pollen tube, formed from the vegetative cell, which grows through the style and into the ovary. The two sperm are transported along the pollen tube into the embryo sac, where one fertilizes the haploid egg to produce the embryo and the ot ...
Cenp-A Presence in Drosophila - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences
... To analyse the fate of paternal Cid protein after fertilization, cid; cid-EGFP males were crossed with wild-type females, followed by analyses during the initial cleavage cycles in the resulting embryos. Cid-EGFP signals in up to four discrete spots were readily detected during male pronucleus forma ...
... To analyse the fate of paternal Cid protein after fertilization, cid; cid-EGFP males were crossed with wild-type females, followed by analyses during the initial cleavage cycles in the resulting embryos. Cid-EGFP signals in up to four discrete spots were readily detected during male pronucleus forma ...
Mitotic Spindle Assembly by Two Different Pathways in Vitro
... Kirschner, 1989a) to a concentration of"~l,000 nuclei//~l, and this dilution was added to extracts on ice at a 1:10 dilution. In all cases sperm was added to extracts immediately before use; when mitotic extracts were activated into interphase, calcium and sperm nuclei were added simultaneously. In ...
... Kirschner, 1989a) to a concentration of"~l,000 nuclei//~l, and this dilution was added to extracts on ice at a 1:10 dilution. In all cases sperm was added to extracts immediately before use; when mitotic extracts were activated into interphase, calcium and sperm nuclei were added simultaneously. In ...
Vaucheria
... structures may develop on special branches or on the main thallus. The sperm unite with the egg within the oogonium to form a thick-walled zygote. It is a resting spore. After the dormant period, it under goes zygotic meiosis and germinates to give rise to the new haploid Vaucheria ...
... structures may develop on special branches or on the main thallus. The sperm unite with the egg within the oogonium to form a thick-walled zygote. It is a resting spore. After the dormant period, it under goes zygotic meiosis and germinates to give rise to the new haploid Vaucheria ...
Polyploidy
... – genes that contain coding sequence from two different genes, resulting from a chromosomal ...
... – genes that contain coding sequence from two different genes, resulting from a chromosomal ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... sequences. Our findings suggest that features that were thought to differentiate cohesin behavior between organisms collectively define the overall behavior of fission yeast cohesin. Apparent differences between organisms could reflect an emphasis on different aspects, rather than different principl ...
... sequences. Our findings suggest that features that were thought to differentiate cohesin behavior between organisms collectively define the overall behavior of fission yeast cohesin. Apparent differences between organisms could reflect an emphasis on different aspects, rather than different principl ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.