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Download WWTBAM Review C8 test - Week of 1/12-1/15
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WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE? Chapter 8 #1 Which result of Frederick Griffith’s experiments led him to believe in a “transforming principle”? A: C: Mice injected with live S bacteria died. Mice injected with dead S bacteria lived. B: Mice injected with live R bacteria died. D: Mice injected with dead S and live R bacteria died. D. Mice injected with dead S and live R bacteria died. #2 An important factor in Oswald Avery’s ability to identify the “transforming principle” as DNA was the fact that proteins A: Contain very little phosphorus Do not react with C: enzymes. B: Were present in the extract made from S bacteria. Could be observed D: in the extract made from R bacteria. A. Contain very little phosphorus. #3 Chemical analysis of Avery’s extracts showed that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was consistent with that of A: enzymes Protein C: B: DNA D: Bacteria B. DNA #4 Hershey and Chase chose to use bacteriophages in their experiments because these viruses Contain little A: more than DNA and protein C: Can infect only bacteria, not humans. Can be seen with a B: light microscope D: Will not grow in radioactive culture. A. Contain little more than DNA and protein. #5 As a result of the Hershey and Chase experiments, scientists believe that Radioactive A: isotopes can be used safely. The “transforming C: principle” is DNA. B: Viruses use bacterial DNA to reproduce. Bacteriophages can be D: grown in culture medium. C. The “transforming principle is DNA. #6 The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their A: C: Hydrogen bonds. Phosphate groups B: Nitrogencontaining bases. D: Ring-shaped sugars. B. Nitrogen containing bases. #7 After examining the DNA of different organisms, which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the four bases? A: C: A=T and C=G A=C and G=T B: A=C=G=T D: A+T = C+G A. A=T of and C=G #8 Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT? A: C: GTTACGC TGGCATA B: D: UCCGTAT CAATGCG C. TGGCATA #9 Combining the work of other scientists with their own research, Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n) A: C: Nucleotide. Double helix. B: X in a circle. D: Covalent bond. C. Double helix #10 What holds base pairs together? Hydrogen bonds B: Sugar-phosphate backbones Pairs of doubleC: ringed nucleotides D: Nitrogen-carbon bonds A: A. Hydrogen bonds #11 The process that makes an exact copy of a cell’s DNA is called A: conservation B: replication C: preservation synthesis D: C. replication #12 What are the main functions of DNA polymerase? Breaks hydrogen A: bonds and exposes bases C: Zips and unzips the doublestranded DNA Holds DNA strands B: apart and attracts bases Binds nucleotides D: and corrects base pair errors D. Binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors. #13 Which of the following events occurs directly after a DNA molecule is unzipped? Mismatched A: nucleotide bases are identified and replaced. Identical doubleC: stranded DNA molecules are formed. Free-floating B: nucleotides pair up with exposed bases. D: Enzymes break hydrogen bonds between base pairs. B. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases. #14 The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative. This means that every new DNA molecule is composed of A: C: Two completely identical strands of DNA. one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA. B: D: One original and one new strand of DNA. Two strands that mix original and new DNA. B. One original and one new strand of DNA. #15 When new DNA molecules are formed, almost all errors are detected and fixed by A: The correct nucleotide. DNA C: polymerase. B: D: The sugarphosphate backbone. One DNA strand. C. DNA polymerase #16 The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from A: Nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm. B: C: Genes to nuclei to D: ribosomes. Ribosomes to proteins to DNA DNA to RNA to proteins. D. DNA to RNA to proteins. #17 Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand: GTAGTCA A: C: UATUAGA CAUCAGU B: D: ACGACTG CATCAGT C. CAUCAGU #18 The main function of tRNA is to Carry a message that , when translated, A: forms proteins. String together C: complementary RNA and DNA strands. Form a portion of B: ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories. Bring amino acids D: from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. D. Bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. #19 A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription A: C: Happens repeatedly throughout a singlecell cycle. Is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes. B: Occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. D: Proceeds according to careful cellular control A. Happens repeatedly throughout a single-cell cycle. #20 What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid? A: C: base amine B: D: Codon serine B. codon #21 How many amino acids are used to make up all of the proteins in the human body? A: 16 23 C: B: D: 20 46 B. 20. #22 A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon? A: C: Serine codon Start codon B: D: tRNA codon anticodon C. Start codon #23 Which phrase best describes translation? A: Converts mRNA into a polypeptide C: Produces RNA from DNA molecules B: D: Catalyzes bonds between amino acids Recycles tRNA molecules for reuse. A. Converts mRNA into a polypeptide #24 Which of the following is the site of translation? A: vacuole B: nucleus C: D: lysosome ribosome D. Ribosome #25 In prokaryotes, gene expression is regulated by controlling A: Transcription B: C: Translation D: Replication Processing A. of Transcription #26 The bacterial lac operon is switched on when The operator binds A: to the promoter. B: The operator binds to C: the lac genes. Lactose binds to D: the lac repressor. Lactose binds to the lac operator. D. Lactose binds to the lac repressor. #27 In a eukaryotic cell, where does mRNA processing take place? A: C: Cytoplasm Ribosome B: Nucleus D: Operator B. Nucleus 28. What is the term for the nucleotide sequences that are removed during mRNA processing? A: Operators B: C: Exons D: Promoters Introns D. Introns #29 What is the main function of a promoter? A: Codes for enzymes that break down sugar Tells RNA C: polymerase where to start. Blocks the action B: of RNA polymerase Keeps eukaryote D: genes permanently “off” C. Tells RNA polymerase where to start. #30 Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during A: Transcription B: Replication C: Translation D: Operation B. Replication #31 Cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disease caused by the deletion of a nucleotide. What is the term for this type of mutation? A: C: Translocation Single-gene B: Chromosomal D: Frameshift D. Frameshift #32 Which type of mutation has no effect on phenotype? A: Silent B: Frameshift C: Point D: Chromosomal A. Silent #33 Mutations that can affect the offspring of an organism occur in what cell type? A: Body B: C: Blood D: Germ Brain B. Germ #34 Which of the following is an example of a mutagen? A: Repair enzyme B: C: UV sunlight D: Triglyceride Thymine C. UV sunlight #35 What did Hershey and Chase know about Bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments? Bacteriophages are A: mostly DNA and protein. C: Protein from bacteriophages enters bacteria. Sulfur in all B: bacteriophages is radioactive. D: Bacteriophages have no DNA of their own. A. Bacteriophages are mostly DNA and protein. #36 Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria of DNA? A: C: Martha Chase Frederick Griffith B: D: Oswald Avery Alfred Hershey B. Oswald Avery #37 The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different A: C: sugars Bonds. B: D: uracil Bases. D. Bases #38 Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood? A: C: Hershey and Chase Pauling and Franklin B: D: Watson and Crick Chargaff and Griffith. B. Watson and Crick #39 In humans, where does DNA replication take place? A: C: cytoplasm nucleus B: D: ribosome vacuole C. nucleus #40 During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to Bind nucleotides A: together C: Send messages B: D: Send messages Locate replication sites A. Bind nucleotides together #41 During transcription, what does messenger RNA do? It delivers DNA’s A:instructions for making proteins. C: Strings together two complementary RNA strands. It constructs proteins B: out of random amino acids. D: It strings together two complementary RNA strands. A. It delivers DNA’s instructions for making proteins. #42 In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place On a gene segment A:over and over again. On a gene segment B: once Using doublestranded RNA. Using doublestranded DNA. C: D: A. On a gene segment over and over again. #43 The central dogma states that information flows from RNA to DNA to A:polysaccharides C: DNA to RNA to monosaccharides DNA to RNA to B: proteins. D: DNA to polysaccharides to RNA B. DNA to RNA to proteins #44 How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins With the first nucleotide. 1 A: C: 3 B: D: 2 6 B. 2 #45 Where is messenger RNA “edited” into its final form? In the ribosomes A: B: In the nucleus C: D: In the ribosomes In the anticodon C. In the nucleus #46 What is the term for the sections of messenger RNA that are spliced together during processing? A: C: Operators Exons B: D: Promotors Introns C. Exons #47 In bacteria, what binds with the repressor to activate the lac operon? A: C: Enzymes Repressors B: D: Lactose Promoters B. Lactose #48 Which scientist used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA? A: C: Martha Chase Frederick Griffith B: D: Oswald Avery Alfred Hershey B. Oswald Avery #49 How did Hershey and Chase’s use of radiolabeled bacteriophages to study the genetic material validate Avery’s research? It demonstrated A: conclusively that the genetic material is not protein. It proved that bacteria C: will take up phosphorus, but not sulfur. B: D: It showed that bacteriophages are not digested by bacterial enzymes. It confirmed that bacteriophages cannot inject radiolabeled DNA A. It demonstrated conclusively that the genetic material is not protein. #50 Identify the nucleotide sequence of the other DNA strand: CCGTACT A: C: GGCUTGU GGCATGA B: D: AATGCAG TTACGTC C. GGCATGA #51 The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists A: C: Hershey and Chase Pauling and Franklin B: Watson and Crick D: Chargaff and Griffith B. Watson and Crick #52 Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on only one strand of the double helix. What would you use to figure out the sequence on the other strand? A: C: Central dogmaa Chargaff’s rules B: D: X-ray crystallography Base pairing rules D. Base pairing rules #53 Which of the following is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes? A: C: Cytoplasm Nucleus B: D: Ribosome Vacuole C. Nucleus #54 What does DNA polymerase do during replication? Binds nucleotides A: together and corrects base pair errors. Attracts amino acids C: to the ribosomes for assembly Transmits messages that B: are translated into proteins D: Recognizes and points out new origins of replication A. Binds nucleotides together and corrects base pair errors #55 Identify the nucleotide sequence of the complementary RNA strand: TAGAGTC A: C: ATUTUAG AUCUCAG B: D: CAAGACT ATCTCAG C. AUCUCAG #56 What “message” does mRNA carry? The genetic code that, A: when translated, forms proteins The order of base pairs C: in complementary RNA strands. B: Orders for making ribosomes, a cell’s proteins factories The number of codons D: in an individual reading frame A. The genetic code that, when translated, forms proteins #57 When does replication occur? A: Once in every cell cycle During the cell’s C: M phase B: When nucleotides float in the nucleus D: When tRNA unzips DNA A. Once in every cell cycle #58 Crick’s central dogma of molecular biology is essentially a summary of A: Base pairing rules for all nucleotides. Amino acid C: relationships to ribosomes. B: D: Genetic code stored in all start codons Replication, transcription, and translation D. Replication, transcription, and translation #59 How many amino acids are coded for in the following sequence of mRNA nucleotides? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide. CGAUACAGUAGC A: C: 3 6 B: D: 4 12 B. 4 #60 When does mRNA processing take place? A: C: After replication After transcription B: D: After translation After protein synthesis C. After transcription #61 The nucleotide sequences that are removed during mRNA processing are called A: C: operators exons B: D: promotors introns D. introns #62 The lac operon is an example of how gene regulation occurs in A: C: yeasts humans B: D: bacteria Eukaryotes. B. bacteria Great Job!!!! Thank you for playing!