Download SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COEPLETION 1. Primary

SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COEPLETION
1. Primary motor cortex is part of the following broad functional system(s):
(A) association
(B) limbic
(C) projection
(D) spinal
(E) both association and projection
2. Large fiber sensory neuropathy causes
(A) loss of sensory discrimination, but near-normal manual dexterity
(B) loss of feedback, but not feed-forward control of movement
(C) loss of pain and temperature sensation
(D) loss of feedback and feed-forward control of movement
(E) inability to use visual cues to compensate for deficits
3. A principal cortical projection site of the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus is
(A) primary motor cortex
(B) areas 5 and 7
(C) primary somatosensory cortex
(D) premotor cortex
(E) posterior parietal cortex
4. The posterior parietal cortex(area 5) receives its main
somatic sensory input from
(A) primary somatosensory cortex
(B) ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
(C) ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus
(D) lateral cerebellum
(E) dorsal column nuclei
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COXPLETION
5. The deep cerebellar nuclei
(A) include fastigial, pallidal and dentate nuclei
(B) do not receive direct afferents from outside the cerebellum
(C) contain several folic
(D) and the vestibular nuclei transmit the entire output of the cerebellum
(E) project monosynaptically to the inferior olive
6. The main output neuron of the cerebellar cortex is the
(A) stellate cell
(B) Golgi cell
(C) basket cell
(D) Purkinje cell
(E) granule cell
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7. The basal ganglia
(A) initiates stimulus-triggered movements
(B) specifies muscle force
(C) enables automatic performance of practiced motor acts
(D) executes visually guided movement
(E) compares commands for movement with proprioceptive feedback from cerebellum
8. The rubrospinal tract
(A) crosses in the dorsal tegmental decussation
(B) excites flexor motor neurons and inhibits extensor
motor neurons
(C) arises from the parvocellular division of the red
nucleus
(D) courses in the dorsolateral and the ventromedial
funiculi of the spinal cord
(E) arises from the parvocellular and magnocellular
divisions of the red nucleus
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
9. Broca's area
(A) when damaged will not produce increases in hearing
threshold, i.e., the audiograms are normal
(B) when damaged will produce a paralysis of oral
and lingual structures on the contralateral side
(C) both A and B
(D) includes the triangular area of the frontal lobe and
the opercular area of the parietal lobe
(E) both A and D
10. Which of the following matches is incorrect?
(A) Pinna
collects sound like a funnel
(B) External ear canal protects the tympanic
membrane
(C) Tympanic membrane - vibrates like the diaphragm
of a microphone
(D) Round window sealed by the stapes
footplate
(E) Audibility curve a measure of hearing
sensitivity
11. The stria vascularis
(A) maintains the ionic balance of perilymph in the auditory and vestibular labyrinth
(B) produces a sensorineural hearing loss when it malfunctions
(C) extends from the cochlea into the saccule via the ductus reunient
(D) in the utricle marks the place of attachment of the macula to the vestibule wall
(E) in the cochlea is the place of attachment of the tectorial membrane
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12. In sensorineural deafness, there will be
(A) tinnitus
(B) dysacousis
(C) both A and B
(D) an air-bone gap in the audiogram
(E) both A and D
13. Second, and higher order fibers in the auditory system
(A) are inhibited by primary afferents
(B) project bilaterally to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
(C) mostly project contralaterally to the ear that they represent
(D) project to auditory cortex in the medial lemniscus
(E) do not decussate at brainstem levels
14. Transection of the post-commissural branch of the fornix
will produce retrograde degeneration of neurons in the
(A) subiculum
(B) dentate gyrus
(C) septal area
(D) substantia innominata
(E) geniculate ganglion
15. Transection of the stria terminalis will
(A) eliminate synaptic input to the amygdala from the
pontine taste center
(B) eliminate direct synaptic input to the amygdala from
entorhinal cortex
(C) produce retrograde degeneration of neurons in orbital cortex
(D) eliminate direct synaptic projections from amygdala to
the dorsal medial thalamus
(E) eliminate some synaptic input to the contralateral
amygdala
16. Declarative memory is
(A) characterized by the conscious recollection of factual
material
(B) insensitive to electroconvulsive shock treatment
(C) typically associated with examples of simple classical
conditioning
(D) an example of nonassociative information storage
(E) not affected by damage to limbic structures
17. Visual deficits that affect either the left or right half of the VISUAL FIELD, but spare the
macular region, are usually associated with a lesion in the
(A) retina
(B) optic nerve
(C) optic tract
(D) lateral geniculate
(E) primary visual cortex
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18. The major advantage of trichromatic color vision in
humans is
(A) decreased chromatic aberration
(B) increased acuity in low levels of light
(C) increased sensitivity in peripheral vision
(D) increased ability to discriminate different degrees of
brightness
(E) increased ability to distinguish color contrast
19. Components of the pathway responsible for the pupillary
light reflex include
(A) the anterior commissure
(B) synapses within layers 1 and 2 of the lateral
geniculate
(C) nuclei in the pretectal area
(D) the somatic portion of cranial nerve III
(E) the pontine paramedian reticular formation
20. Each hypercolumn in primary visual cortex
(A) contains one ipsilateral and one contralateral ocular
dominance column
(B) receives information from only one eye
(C) receives information from only the parvocellular (P)
pathway
(D) receives input from ipsilateral and contralateral,
lateral geniculate bodies
(E) is composed of cells which all have the same
orientation selectivity
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN THE
CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
21. Somatotopic organization in motor structures is supported by the fact that
(1) neurons that activate adjacent muscles are adjacent to each other
(2) neurons responding to movement of adjacent joints are
adjacent to each other
(3) neurons influencing arm muscles in one motor
structure project to neurons influencing arm muscles in
another motor structure
(4) neurons that have receptive fields on adjacent skin
surfaces are adjacent to each other
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22. Neurons in primary motor cortex
(1) receive substantial input from the basal ganglia
via the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus
(2) encode the amount of force to be exerted
(3) respond to motor instructions prior to a trigger
signal (set-related neurons)
(4) project to multiple motor neuron pools
23. Corticobulbar fibers
(1) project to sensory relay nuclei
(2) project to parts of the reticular formation
(3) project to certain motor cranial nerve nuclei
(4) arise from precentral gyrus only
24. The supplementary motor cortex
(1) coordinates bilateral movements
(2) provides visual information for moving targets
(3) programs complex sequences of movement
(4) executes complex movements
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
TEE NU BERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B if only 1 and 3 are correct
C if only 2 and 4 are correct
D if only 4 is correct
E if all are correct
25. Mossy fibers in the cerebellum
(1) arise from neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord
(2) excite monosynaptically Purkinje cells
(3) convey vestibular, visual and somatosensory input to
the cerebellum
(4) produce complex spikes in cerebellar neurons when
stimulated
26. Deficits observed after cerebellar damage include
(A) delay in initiation of movement
(B) delay in termination of movement
(C) tremor at the end of movement
(D) paralysis of distal musculature
27. The neostriatum projects to
(1) neocortex
(2) globus pallidus
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(3) ventral lateral thalamus
(4) substantia nigra
28. The lateral vestibulospinal tract
(1) originates from the lateral vestibular nucleus
(2) descends uncrossed in the anterior funiculus of the
spinal cord
(3) excites extensor motor neurons and inhibits flexor
motor neurons
(4) does not carry information from the cerebellum to the
spinal cord
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
29. Muscle contraction
(1) excites Ia fibers
(2). Inhibits Ib fibers
(3) excites II fibers
(4) excites Ib fibers
30. The disynaptic spinal reflex involves
(1) inhibition of synergistic extrafusal muscle
(2) excitation of antagonistic extrafusal muscle
(3) inhibition of homonymous extrafusal muscle
(4) excitation of synergistic extrafusal muscle
31. Stretch of skeletal muscle
(1) activates reciprocal inhibitory mechanisms
(2) inhibits antagonistic muscle
(3) activates recurrent inhibitory mechanisms
(4) inhibits Ib inhibitory interneurons
32. During scotopic conditions
(1) light levels are below the cone threshold
(2) rods influence the activity of cone terminals through
gap junctions
(3) rod bipolar cells influence the activity of cone
bipolar cells through' connections with AII amacrine
cells
(4) images are achromatic
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FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
TEE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and 3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
33. Cells which have circular, center vs. surround receptive
fields include:
(1) bipolar cells
(2) ganglion cells
(3) lateral geni-culate cells
(4) stellate cells
34. Pα ganglion cells contribute to the "M" pathway which
(1) is involved primarily in color vision
(2) projects to layers 1 & 2 of the lateral geniculate
(3) provides information that is processed in "blob" areas
of the visual cortex
(4) codes information about the position of an object in
visual space
35. The color opponent organization of retinal neurons does not
permit the perception of
(1) reddish yellow
(2) bluish yellow
(3) greenish blue
(4) greenish red
36. Foveal mechanisms for protecting against chromatic
aberration include the
(1) presence of macular yellow pigment
(2) absence of rods
(3) absence of blue sensitive cones
(4) absence of red sensitive cones
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if only 1 and3 are correct
C. if only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
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37. Saccadic eye movements
(1) are initiated by burst cells located within the
horizontal and vertical gaze centers
(2) are used to continuously track the movement of the
visual target with high acuity vision
(3) require input from the superior colliculus
(4) are not part of nystagmus eye movements
38. Eye movement retained following lesions of the MLF (intranuclear opthalmoplegia) include:
(1) lateral gaze
(2) horizontal gaze
(3) nystagmus
(4) convergence
39. A bilateral lesion in the inferotemporal area (Brodmann's areas 20 and 21) would
(1) produce pathological nystagmus
(2) involve portions of the parvocellular pathway
(3) produce deficits in the ability to determine
the position of an object in-space
(4) produce a deficit in the recognition of complex objects
40. The receptive field of a simple pyramidal cell in the
primary visual cortex
(1) is formed by a combination of circular receptive fields
(2) is maximally stimulated by either a dark or light bar
on a contrasting background
(3) is orientation selective
(4) receives information from stellate cells with
overlapping receptive fields
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Neuro #3 practical
Dorsal medial dentate nucleus
ventral lateral floculus
cortico spinal tract deficit in touch from left
hemiballismus
pulvinar
rubrospinal
optic radiations
edinger westphal
IN&F
lateral geniculate body
nodulus
ant. spinal art
pontine reticular formation
dorsal vagal motor nucleus
nucleus ambiguus
tectospinal tract
retina
hypoglossal nucleus
cant turn head
photoreceptor cells
facial nucleus
lateral olfactory tract
olfactory
ganglion cells in the retina
posterior commisure
contralateral sharp pain
genu of the internal capsule
extreme capsule
caudate head
middle frontal gyrus
ventral anterior
primary fissure
deccusation of the sup. cerebellar peduncle
PICA
post. spinocerebellar tract
pontine nuclei
inf. cerebellar peduncle
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ANSWERS:
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. E
16. A
17. E
18. E
19. C
20. A
21. E
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. A
29. D
30. A
31. A
32. E
33. E
34. C
35. C
36. A
37. B
38. D
39. C
40. E
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