Download Chapter 8 Protein Synthesis Study Guide

Chapter 8 Protein Synthesis Study Guide & Key Ideas Review Sheet (p 182 - 200)
Name: _________________________________
Hour: _____
REMINDER: This sheet is DUE the day of the test!!! Extra point on the test for flashcards or Vocabulary Flipcards!!!
*DNA versus RNA: Identify the differences between DNA and RNA, in terms of base pairs and overall function
(figure 8.1)
RNA
DNA
Single strand
Base Pairs: C-G, A-T
(Cytosine-Guanine
Adenine-Thymine)
Ribose sugar group
*Promoters versus Terminators: Define each and then underline or circle the major clue word in each definition
Promoters  ____________________________________________________________________________________
Terminators  ___________________________________________________________________________________
*RNA Splicing: (pg. 184) Circle one – RNA Splicing is essential in prokaryotes / eukaryotes
Introns (pg 184)  ___________________________________ Exons (pg. 184) ________________________________
*Codons & Anticodons(pg 198-185): Codons  ___________________________________________________________
Anticodons ____________________________________________________________________________________
Transcription
Translation
Function
Location
What is needed?
What is made?
*How to Read a Codon Table: Always read from the __________________, to the middle, to the ________________.
Chapter 8 Protein Synthesis Study Guide & Key Ideas Review Sheet (p 182 - 200)
Name: _________________________________
Hour: _____
REMINDER: This sheet is DUE the day of the test!!! Extra point on the test for flashcards or Vocabulary Flipcards!!!
*DNA versus RNA: Identify the differences between DNA and RNA, in terms of base pairs and overall function
(figure 8.1)
RNA
DNA
Single strand
Base Pairs: C-G, A-T
(Cytosine-Guanine
Adenine-Thymine)
Ribose sugar group
*Promoters versus Terminators: Define each and then underline or circle the major clue word in each definition
Promoters  ____________________________________________________________________________________
Terminators  ___________________________________________________________________________________
*RNA Splicing: (pg. 184) Circle one – RNA Splicing is essential in prokaryotes / eukaryotes
Introns (pg 184)  ___________________________________ Exons (pg. 184) ________________________________
*Codons & Anticodons(pg 198-185): Codons  ___________________________________________________________
Anticodons ____________________________________________________________________________________
Transcription
Function
Location
What is needed?
What is made?
Translation
*How to Read a Codon Table: Always read from the __________________, to the middle, to the ________________.
*Transcription/Translation: Know how to transcribe and translate a gene using the Codon Table (p187)
DNA: ATC
GTA
CGC
TAA
AGC
CTT
DNA: _____________________________________
mRNA: _____________________________________
mRNA: CGA
UAC
GUA
CGA
UAA
AUG
tRNA: _____________________________________
tRNA: _____________________________________
AA: ______________________________________
AA: ______________________________________
*Types of mutations: Know the definition of each mutation and how to identify each in sentences with “typos”
Types of Mutations (pg. 192-194) Deletion, duplication, Translation, Inversion, Frameshift, and Point
Original Sentence:
THE BOY BIT HIS TOP LIP
1. THE BOY BIT VYH IST OPL IP
3. THE BOY SIT HIS TOP LIP
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. THE BOY PIL POT SIH TIB
4. THE BIG BOY BIT HIS TOP LIP
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
*Mutation Examples – be able to identify the type of mutation causing disorders and diseases
1. Fragile X syndrome is caused by genes that have undergone insertions of a string of 3 or 4 nucleotides repeated over and over.
Specifically, a locus on the human X chromosome contains such a stretch of nucleotides in which the triplet CGG is repeated. This
causes a constriction in the X chromosome, which makes it quite fragile. This type of mutation is: _________________________
2. In sickle-cell anemia, the gene for beta globin is mutated. The resulting protein still consists of 147 amino acids, but because of
the single-base mutation, the sixth amino acid in the chain is valine, rather than glutamic acid.
This type of mutation is: _________________________
*Mutations – favorable, neutral or harmful?
1. Antibiotics, drugs that target specific features of bacteria, are used to treat infections. Bacteria evolve very quickly so it is not
surprising that they have evolved resistance to antibiotics. Is this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?
2. A base pair substitution occurred changing CUU to CUC, but both code for the amino acid Leucine, so the same protein is made. Is
this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?
3. Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal condition caused by the duplication of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. Effects
include impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth, and a particular set of facial characteristics.
Is this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?
*How to Read a Codon Table: Always read from the __________________, to the middle, to the ________________.
*Transcription/Translation: Know how to transcribe and translate a gene using the Codon Table (p187)
DNA: ATC
GTA
CGC
TAA
AGC
CTT
DNA: _____________________________________
mRNA: _____________________________________
mRNA: CGA
UAC
GUA
CGA
UAA
AUG
tRNA: _____________________________________
tRNA: _____________________________________
AA: ______________________________________
AA: ______________________________________
*Types of mutations: Know the definition of each mutation and how to identify each in sentences with “typos”
Types of Mutations (pg. 192-194) Deletion, duplication, Translation, Inversion, Frameshift, and Point
Original Sentence:
THE BOY BIT HIS TOP LIP
1. THE BOY BIT VYH IST OPL IP
3. THE BOY SIT HIS TOP LIP
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2. THE BOY PIL POT SIH TIB
4. THE BIG BOY BIT HIS TOP LIP
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
*Mutation Examples – be able to identify the type of mutation causing disorders and diseases
1. Fragile X syndrome is caused by genes that have undergone insertions of a string of 3 or 4 nucleotides repeated over and over.
Specifically, a locus on the human X chromosome contains such a stretch of nucleotides in which the triplet CGG is repeated. This
causes a constriction in the X chromosome, which makes it quite fragile. This type of mutation is: _________________________
2. In sickle-cell anemia, the gene for beta globin is mutated. The resulting protein still consists of 147 amino acids, but because of
the single-base mutation, the sixth amino acid in the chain is valine, rather than glutamic acid.
This type of mutation is: _________________________
*Mutations – favorable, neutral or harmful?
1. Antibiotics, drugs that target specific features of bacteria, are used to treat infections. Bacteria evolve very quickly so it is not
surprising that they have evolved resistance to antibiotics. Is this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?
2. A base pair substitution occurred changing CUU to CUC, but both code for the amino acid Leucine, so the same protein is made. Is
this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?
3. Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal condition caused by the duplication of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. Effects
include impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth, and a particular set of facial characteristics.
Is this mutation: favorable, neutral or harmful?`