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RNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz – Study Guide 1. RNA contains the sugar: 2. List the similarities and differences in the nucleotides of DNA & RNA similarities: differences: Figure 13–1 3. What molecule is pictured in Figure 13-1? List 2 reasons for your answer. 4. List & describe the function of the different types of RNA. 5. Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis? 6. What happens during transcription? Figure 13–2 7. According to Figure 13-2, which codons specify the amino acid glycine, arginine & glutamic acid? List all of them for each. 8. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids? Think of how many nucleotides make up a codon. 9. What happens during translation? 10. Genes contain instructions for assembling what molecules? 11. The sequence of transfer of genetic information goes from: _________ -> __________ -> __________ Figure 13–6 12. Identify the 3 molecules above. Figure 13–9 Figure 13–10 13. Identify structures A-G in Figure 13-10. 14. Identify structures A-F in Figure 13-9 & tell what processes are occurring in X & Y. 15. Write out any 9 bases of DNA. Then convert it to mRNA. Then use Figure 13-2 on the front side to list the amino acids coded by the mRNA. 16. What is a point mutation? 17. What happens when a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation? 18. Most mutations have what type of effect on an organism. 19. List 2 ways in which mutations can be harmful & 2 ways they can be helpful. Figure 13–5 20. List & describe what is happening in A-D in Figure 13-5 21. Tell which type of gene/point mutation only affects 1 amino acid & which ones affect more than 1 amino acid. Use Fig 13-11 on p. 373 22. Any element or chemical that can cause the genetic information to change is called: 23. Write out any 6 base sequence of DNA. 24. Change that 6 base sequence to show a: substitution mutation: deletion mutation: insertion mutation: 25. DNA goes through a mutation that changes it from TTT to TTA. Using Figure 13-6 on p. 367, does this change the amino acid? If so, from what to what? Figure 13–9 26. What would happen to structure F in Figure 13-9 if the G-C base pair of structure C was deleted? 27. Know what sickle cell disease is & how it is caused.