Download Daily TAKS Connection: DNA

Daily TAKS Connection:
Changes in DNA
BIO(6): The student knows that the structures and
functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics.
The student is expected to:
(C) Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause
mutations and evaluate the significance of these
changes.
Day 1
Construct a two tab
foldable
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Materials:
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Foldable handout
Scissors
Pen
Colored
pencils/crayons
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Instructions:
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Fold all solid lines
1 cm folds should be
glued together in the
appropriate order so
that a 4 side-box like
foldable is produced
Day 2 notes
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Changes in DNA
Environmental Factors can Cause Mutations
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UV rays (does not affect gametes)
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Carcinogens (radiation, cigarettes, asbestos)
Sex cells
(sperm & eggs)
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Mutations can be beneficial to an organism
because the change can create an
advantage over other organisms
Day 2 notes
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Nucleotides & DNA
DNA is made up of a sequence of
NUCLEOTIDES.
1. On your notes, circle a nucleotide.
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Any change in the sequence (order) of these
nucleotides may result in a mutation
3 nucleotides code for an amino acid
For example:
Glycine
G
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G
Amino acids make up proteins
A
Codon Chart
Day 2 notes
U

U
U
U
A single base change will code for a
different amino acid.
1) What amino acids are coded for the
above?
histadine-leucine-histadine
2) What if we change one base? What
amino acids are coded for?
histadine-proline-histadine
U
U
U
This Means a Different
Protein will be made!!
Day 2 notes
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Karyotype
A karyotype is a picture of a person’s 23
chromosomes.
From a karyotype you can determine the following
This is a
male
This person has non-disjunction (when
chormosomes fail to separate during
mitosis (MUTATION)
Question 1
The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins
with UAC has been changed so that the newly assembled
messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following
will most likely occur?
A The protein will be missing the first amino acid.
B The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different.
C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome.
D The production of the protein will be stopped.
Question 2
The diagram above shows chromosomes in a cell
undergoing cell division. If one of the chromosomes
breaks during this process,
which of the following will most likely happen?
A Mutation
B Selection
C Duplication
D Segregation
Question 3
The diagram shows three
generations of cells produced by
a single cell through mitosis. In
the process, a single mutation
occurred at the point indicated.
The mutation caused changes
within a dominant allele. How
many of the 15 cells contain the
mutation?
Record and bubble in your
answer as you would on a
griddable item.
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