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Name ______________ (Last) (First) Pd. ______ Date __________ Chapter 13 Power Point I. Applied Genetics A. ____________breeding produces organisms with___________ traits. B. Inbreeding develops____________ lines 1. Offspring are ________________for most traits. 2. Can bring out ____________recessive traits. C. Hybridization 1. Cross parents with ______________t forms of a trait 2. Hybrids are often___________ and ________________ 3. If two different animal_______________ are crossed, hybrid offspring is usually____________________. D. Determining Genotypes 1. Organisms showing the dominant phenotype may be either _________________ or __________________ genotypes. 2. Test cross can determine the______________________ a. Usual cross is unknown genotype to_______ _________ b. If any offspring show the recessive phenotype, the unknown must be_______________________. 3. In Alaskan Malamute dogs, the dwarf gene is recessive to normal size. Show a Test cross to determine if a champion male of unknown genotype is pure dominant, or a carrier. a. b. II. Recombinant DNA Technology A. Genetic Engineering - faster, more reliable method for_______________ the frequency of a specific allele in a population. B. Recombinant DNA is made by___________ or_____________ fragments of DNA from different ________________ C. Transgenic organisms contain ____________ DNA by a 3 step process. 1. ___________enzymes cut, or cleave, DNA a. if the ____ enzyme is used to cleave DNA in two different organisms, the DNA pieces will tend to stick together. b. these “_____ _____” are the key to recombinant DNA c. D. E. III. ______ __________________separates the pieces of DNA cut by restriction enzymes. 2. __________________ transfer the DNA 1. A vector is the vehicle that________________- the DNA into the host cell 2. Examples: a. Biological = ____________ and__________________b. Mechanical =_____________ and ________ _______ 3. DNA rejoined by gene _____________ transferred to the host by a __________ and then _______________ as the host cell divides. Polymerase Chain Reaction (____________) 1. Method of replicating DNA_______________ living organisms 2. Essential for____________________ of DNA. 3. Has allowed molecular genetics to become part of ______________________ investigations. Applications. 1. Cloning of___________________ as well as genes 2. ____________DNA for study of specific genes 3. Recombinant______________ a. industry - break down____________________ b. medicine - produce___________, insulin or amino acids c. agriculture - to prevent__________________ on crops. 4. Transgenic animals - scientists create animals with ______________ diseases. 5. Transgenic plants have been engineered to resist __________, produce internal_______________ and increase their _____________ production. Human Genome A. Has mapped and sequenced all human genes. B. Genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome is called a _______________ map. 1. Contains approximately _______________genes on 46 chromosomes 2. We know the ______________ of all genes, but do not know the _________________of all genes. D. Applications: 1. Diagnosis of genetic disorders followed by gene ____________. a. Insertion of ____________ genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders. b. fetal diagnosis and therapy 2. DNA______________ - no two individuals have the same DNA fingerprint, except for ______________ _________. a. Criminal investigations b. Identification of _________________ members, dead or alive.