Download Genetic Engineering

Chapter 13
Genetic Engineering
(Ch. 13)
Selective breeding
• allowing animals with desired
characteristics to produce the
next generation
• Pass on the desired trait
• Horses, cats, farm animals
• Crops (disease-resistant potato
from Luther Burbank)
Hybridization
• crossing dissimilar individuals to
bring together the best of both
organisms
• Hybrids are hardier than parents
• In the potato-disease resistance x
food production (Burbank potato)
Inbreeding
• The continued breeding of
individuals with similar
characteristics
• Keep desired characteristics of
a line of organisms
• The cross can bring together 2
recessive alleles for a genetic
defect-BAD!
Inducing Mutations
• Increases the genetic variation
in a population
• Mutations are the ultimate
source of genetic variability
• Occur spontaneously
• Use of radiation, chemicals
• Hard to get desired mutants
New Bacteria
• Hundreds of useful
bacterial strains have
been produced
• Bacteria can even digest
oil
New Kinds of Plants
• polyploid – chromosomes do
not separate during meiosis
• Use drugs that prevent
chromosome separation
• Plants are stronger, bigger
than diploid
• Polyploidy fatal in animals
Manipulating DNA
• DNA is removed from the cell
• Restriction enzymes cut the DNA
• Gel electrophoresis separates the
DNA
• Used to compare genes or locate
a gene out of thousands in the
genome
Recombinant DNA
• DNA molecules made by combining
DNA from different sources
Transgenic Organisms
• Contain genes from other species
• Microorganisms – insulin, growth
hormone, clotting factor
• In the future – may help fight
cancer
Transgenic Animals/Plants
• Used to study genes and improve
food supply
• Study immune system and effects
of disease
• Extra copies of growth hormonegrow faster and produce leaner
meat
• Working on chickens
• GM foods – produce natural
insecticide
• Resistant to weed-killing
chemicals
• May be able to produce
human antibodies to fight
disease
• Rice plant contains vitamin A
Cloning
• Cloned bacteria
• Dolly
• Ethical and moral issues