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Name ______________
(Last) (First)
Pd. ______
Date __________
Chapter 13 Power Point
I.
Applied Genetics
A.
____________breeding produces organisms with___________ traits.
B.
Inbreeding develops____________ lines
1.
Offspring are ________________for most traits.
2.
Can bring out ____________recessive traits.
C.
Hybridization
1.
Cross parents with ______________t forms of a trait
2.
Hybrids are often___________ and ________________
3.
If two different animal_______________ are crossed, hybrid
offspring is usually____________________.
D.
Determining Genotypes
1.
Organisms showing the dominant phenotype may be either
_________________ or __________________ genotypes.
2.
Test cross can determine the______________________
a.
Usual cross is unknown genotype to_______ _________
b.
If any offspring show the recessive phenotype, the
unknown must be_______________________.
3.
In Alaskan Malamute dogs, the dwarf gene is recessive to
normal size. Show a Test cross to determine if a champion male of
unknown genotype is pure dominant, or a carrier.
a.
b.
II.
Recombinant DNA Technology
A.
Genetic Engineering - faster, more reliable method
for_______________ the frequency of a specific allele in a
population.
B.
Recombinant DNA is made by___________ or_____________
fragments of DNA from different ________________
C.
Transgenic organisms contain ____________ DNA by a 3 step
process.
1.
___________enzymes cut, or cleave, DNA
a.
if the ____ enzyme is used to cleave DNA in two
different organisms, the DNA pieces will tend to stick
together.
b.
these “_____ _____” are the key to recombinant DNA
c.
D.
E.
III.
______ __________________separates the pieces of
DNA cut by restriction enzymes.
2.
__________________ transfer the DNA
1.
A vector is the vehicle that________________- the DNA
into the host cell
2.
Examples:
a. Biological = ____________
and__________________b. Mechanical
=_____________ and ________ _______
3.
DNA rejoined by gene _____________ transferred to the host
by a __________ and then _______________ as the host cell
divides.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (____________)
1.
Method of replicating DNA_______________ living organisms
2.
Essential for____________________ of DNA.
3.
Has allowed molecular genetics to become part of
______________________ investigations.
Applications.
1.
Cloning of___________________ as well as genes
2.
____________DNA for study of specific genes
3.
Recombinant______________
a.
industry - break down____________________
b.
medicine - produce___________, insulin or amino acids
c.
agriculture - to prevent__________________ on crops.
4.
Transgenic animals - scientists create animals with
______________ diseases.
5.
Transgenic plants have been engineered to resist __________,
produce internal_______________ and increase their
_____________ production.
Human Genome
A.
Has mapped and sequenced all human genes.
B.
Genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome is
called a _______________ map.
1.
Contains approximately _______________genes on 46
chromosomes
2.
We know the ______________ of all genes, but do not know
the _________________of all genes.
D.
Applications:
1.
Diagnosis of genetic disorders followed by gene
____________.
a.
Insertion of ____________ genes into human cells to
correct genetic disorders.
b.
fetal diagnosis and therapy
2.
DNA______________ - no two individuals have the same
DNA fingerprint, except for ______________ _________.
a.
Criminal investigations
b.
Identification of _________________ members, dead or
alive.