Download Unit #3 Map (2016) Unit_#3_Map_2016

Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
Course: Integrated Science 3/4
Unit #3: (DNA & RNA) “Instructions for Life”
Stage 1: Identify Desired Results
Enduring Understandings: Students will understand that…
1.
Nearly all human traits, even many diseases, are inherited in predictable ways. (3.1-3)
2. Various factors (“nature” and “nurture”) affect the identity of a living organism and how it
changes over its lifetime. (3.1-3)
3. Cells can develop in different and complex ways. (3.1-3)
4. Cells store and use genetic information to guide their functions. (3.1)
5. “Genes” are small segments of the much larger DNA molecule. (3.1)
6. The structure of DNA is a double-helix. Its shape explains how hereditary information is
stored and passed along to offspring. (3.1)
7. Changes in DNA (mutations) happen randomly and create the variety of traits seen in
populations; it also produces negative effects in the individual. (3.3)
Essential Question:
 “What influences your identity and how does it change throughout its lifetime?”
Focus on “Science Practices”:
1. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering)
2. Developing and using models
3. Planning and carrying out investigations
4. Analyzing and interpreting data
5. Using math and computational thinking
6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering)
7. Engaging in argument from evidence
8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information
Mark your level of understanding after completing each activity:
A: I am ABLE to do this
B: I am BEGINNING to get this
C: I still CAN’T do this
3.1: Genetic Material & DNA Replication
3.1.1) I can define key vocabulary terms.
Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here (_____%)
Success Criteria:
Minimum 80%
3.1.2) I can recite the full name of both nucleic acid acronyms (or abbreviations).
Self-check: Write the full name for both DNA, RNA.
DNA:
Success Criteria:
1
2 3 4
LS1E (1), LS1G (2)
1 2 3 4
Both DNA, RNA
abbreviations are
correctly described.
RNA:
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
3.1.3) I can describe how DNA & RNA nucleotides (including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA) are built.
Self-check: Describe the three parts of both DNA and RNA nucleotides (monomers).
1. A DNA monomer is built from…
2. An RNA monomer is built from…
Success Criteria:
List the three
specific subunits
of each
nucleotide
monomer.
1 2 3 4
Note: DNA and
RNA differs in the
sugar and bases
used to build
them.
3.1.4) I can compare and contrast DNA and RNA (similarities and differences).
Self-check: Describe each nucleic acid in terms of: length, shape, location in cell, type of
sugar, and/or its chemical base.
DNA only
LS1E (1), LS1G (2)
Both
RNA only
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
LS1E (7), LS1G (1,2)
Success Criteria:
1. Include 2
similarities and
4 differences.
1 2 3 4
Success Criteria:
Correctly list the
chemical bases
for both nucleic
acids.
1 2 3 4
3.1.5) I can identify the chemical “letters” (bases) of DNA and RNA.
Self-check: List the four chemical bases found in DNA and RNA.
1. DNA is made from these four chemical bases:
LS1E (3)
2. RNA is made from these four chemical bases:
3.1.6) I can explain that one’s “genetic code” or genotype determines one’s “physical” phenotype
(through the process of “translation”).
Self-check:
The sequence of nucleotides (“nitrogen-containing bases”) (___,___,___,___) in
DNA is the code that determines the sequence of _______ ________ (monomers)
in the protein polymer.
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
LS1E (2,4)
Success Criteria:
Correctly fill in all
spaces
1 2 3 4
2
Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
3.1.7) I can explain that genes (made of DNA) are found on chromosomes which are inherited from both parents
during sexual reproduction. These genes (when turned on or expressed, create proteins in the cell that show up as
the phenotype for a certain trait (e.g. eye color).
LS1E (3, 5), LS1H (1)
Self-check: Label the diagram below.
Success Criteria:
1 2 3 4
Label the four
parts of the
diagram:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chromosome
Gene
DNA
Cell
3.1.8) I can describe how nucleotides bond (connect) to each other to create either the DNA or RNA polymer (nucleic
acid). LS1E (3)
Self-check: Circle a single nucleotide monomer. Then, use an arrow to label the bonds
Success Criteria:
1 2 3 4
connecting each nucleotide monomer within the larger polymer.
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
1. Locate the
three unique
places where
the bonds hold
the DNA
molecule
together.
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
3.1.9) I can classify the type of mutation that has affected a segment of DNA code.
Self-check: Compare the normal sequence (below) with each mutation figure. Label each
figure accordingly.
_________________________________________________________________________
LS1G (3)
Success Criteria:
Include all three
categories, each
of which is used
only once:
1 2 3 4
1. Deletion
2. Substitution
3. Insertion
________________________
_______________________
_______________________
3.1.10) I can explain the process of DNA replication.
Self-check: Explain the relationship between the new (daughter strand) and the old (parent
strand).
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Success Criteria:
Accurately
explain visual
model; how the
parent (old)
strand creates the
daughter (new)
strand.
1
2 3 4
1
2 3 4
Success Criteria:
Accurately
describe the
process of
transcription only.
1
2 3 4
Success Criteria:
Correctly ID cell
location.
1
2 3 4
Include terms:
Complementary
Nucleotide
3.2) Transcription (Encoding the genetic message into RNA)
3.2.1) I can define key vocabulary terms.
Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here (_____%)
Success Criteria:
Minimum 80%
3.2.2) I can explain how DNA and mRNA molecules interact during transcription.
Self-check: Describe how DNA becomes “encoded” into RNA.
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
LS1E (7)
3.2.3) I can identify the location in the cell where transcription takes place.
Self-check: The cell location for transcription is...
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
LS1E (7)
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
3.2.4) I can predict the new strand of mRNA that is complementary to the DNA (genetic) code that
happens during transcription.
LS1E (6)
Self-check: Use the “base-pairing rules” to predict the missing mRNA code.
If the DNA code is …
Then the mRNA code will be …
AGC CGG AAT TTC
_____ ____ ____ ____
Success Criteria:
Correctly predict
3 of 4 the missing
mRNA codons.
1
2 3 4
3.2.5) I can explain how the DNA code is expressed in mRNA and finally as a protein (AKA the Central
Dogma).
LS1E (3,5), LS1H (3)
Self-check:
Overall process: Gene (DNA) mRNA  tRNA  protein
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Success Criteria:
Describe the role
of each molecule
3.2.6) I can describe the function of mRNA during transcription.
Self-check: Fill in the function of mRNA.
RNA Molecule:
Function:
1. mRNA
1.
1 2 3 4
LS1E (7), LS1G (1)
Success Criteria:
Correctly
describes what
job mRNA does
in the cell.
1 2 3 4
3.3) Translation (Expressing the genetic message into protein)
3.3.1) I can define key vocabulary terms.
Self-check: Record practice Quizlet score here (_____%)
Success Criteria:
Minimum 80%
1
2 3 4
3.3.2) I can explain the ratio of DNA “codons” to both RNA “codons” and the translated (expressed) amino
acids (part of the larger protein).
Self-check: Fill in the blanks.
Evidence:
This DNA code contains ______
bases.
LS1E (7), LS1G (1)
Success Criteria:
Both evidence
statements and
claims are
accurate.
1 2 3 4
This mRNA code contains
________ bases.
There are _______amino acids
in the resulting protein.
Claims:
#1: The ratio of DNA:RNA codons is _____ : ______
#2: The ratio of DNA codon:Amino acid monomer is _____ : _____
3.3.3) I can describe the relationship between DNA nucleotides (A, T, C, G) and the sequence of amino
acids in proteins (what happens during “translation”).
Self-check: Refer to Figure 3.3.2 (above) and explain the relationship between DNA and
proteins.
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
LS1E (2,4), LS1G (1)
Success Criteria:
Correctly relates
both DNA,
proteins in
statement
1 2 3 4
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
3.3.4) I can describe the function of rRNA and tRNA during translation.
Self-check: Fill in the function of rRNA, tRNA.
RNA Molecule:
Function:
1. rRNA
1.
2. tRNA
2.
LS1E (7), LS1G (1)
Success Criteria:
Correctly
describes what
jobs rRNA, tRNA
do in the cell.
3.3.5) I can explain the causes and effects genes being turned “on” or “off”.
Self-check: Genes are turned on or off by molecules other than DNA. Research and identify a
gene that is turned on or off and describe the direct cause and effect of this action.
Gene Name:
Cause: _____________
turns the gene
ON or OFF
Effect: What happens
now?
1 2 3 4
LS1G (2), LS1E (3, 5)
Success Criteria:
1. The gene is
named.
2. A causal event
is described.
3. The direct effect
is described.
1 2 3 4
Success Criteria:
Correctly relate
mutations in
genotype to effect
in phenotype.
1 2 3 4
3.3.6) I can explain how mutations cause changes to the final protein product.
Self-check: Refer to Goal 3.1.9 and explain how changes to the genotype affect the resulting
phenotype.
LS1G (3)
Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Assessment Evidence
Performance Task(s):
 Various vocabulary-building activities
 Cracking the Code of Life film prompt
 The Stuff of Genes podcast
 Central Dogma lecture (in class)
 DNA Extraction Lab
 DNA model-building activity
 DNA Telephone Game activity
Other Evidence (quizzes, tests, prompts, observations, dialogues, work samples, etc.):
 Essential Question Writing Prompt
 Science reading assignment
 Central Dogma worksheet
 “I-We-You” Problem Solving Strategy Sessions: Replication, Transcription, Translation
 Quizlet quizzes (formative)
 3.1 Quiz (formative)
 3.2 Quiz (formative)
 3.3 Quiz (formative)
 Unit #3 Exam (summative)
Student Self-Assessment and Reflection:
 “What I wondered and what I know now”
Quizlet Vocabulary
3.1 Vocabulary (“Genetic Material”)
https://quizlet.com/107418087/integrated-science-34-unit-31-genetic-material-flash-cards/
1. Adenine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA
2. Codon: a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic
code information for a particular amino acid
3. Cytosine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine in both DNA and RNA
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
4. Deoxyribose: sugar in DNA
5. DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid): deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that
determines inherited characteristics
6. Dominant: describes the allele that is fully expressed when a single dominant allele is present. e.g.
AA or Aa genotypes shows the dominant trait
7. Double helix: shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a
springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
8. Gene: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
9. Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles (either AA, Aa, or aa)
10. Guanine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA
11. Hereditary: all traits passed down from one generation to the next
12. Monomer: small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
13. Replication: Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
3.2 Vocabulary (“Transcription”)
https://quizlet.com/107417885/integrated-science-34-unit-32-transcription-flash-cards/
1. Complementary: characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on one strand
determines the sequence of bases on the other
2. mRNA (messenger RNA): messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosome
3. Mutation: a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
4. Nucleic acid: very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus. It contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. DNA and RNA
are the two types of nucleic acids in the cell
5. Nucleotide: in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a
nitrogenous base
6. Nucleus: The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell
7. Polymer: large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
8. Recessive: describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the
same characteristic are inherited
9. Ribose: sugar in RNA
10. RNA (RiboNucleic Acid): single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
11. Thymine: nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with adenine in both DNA and RNA
12. Transcription: (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
mRNA
13. Uracil: nitrogen base found in only in RNA; pairs with adenine in DNA
3.3 Vocabulary (“Translation”)
https://quizlet.com/107417854/integrated-science-34-unit-33-translation-flash-cards/
1. Allele: one of a number of different forms of a gene (e.g. dominant or recessive)
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
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Instructor: Mitchell Smith v. 4.3 (11/30/16)
2. Amino acid: basic building blocks of protein molecules
3. Anti-codon: group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
4. Cytoplasm: a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
5. Dominant: describes the allele that is fully expressed when a single dominant allele is present. e.g.
AA or Aa genotypes shows the dominant trait
6. Phenotype: The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic make-up
7. Protein: polymer (long chain) built from a combination of amino acid building blocks (monomers)
8. Recessive: describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the
same characteristic are inherited
9. rRNA (ribosomal RNA): RNA that helps form the structure of ribosomes
10. Translation: process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of
a chain of specific amino acids
11. tRNA (transfer RNA): an RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a
polypeptide chain during translation
©Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins, 2007
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