Download BIOL/GEN 313_Exam 1 Review_013116

Supplemental Instruction
BIOL/GEN 313
Iowa State University
Leader: Taylor Thomas
Instructors: Myers & Vollbrecht
Date: 01/31/16
Exam 1 Review
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Chapter 1
Fill out the chart on aspects of genetics
Definition
Example(s)
Molecular
Transmission
Population
Definitions
Gene:
Allele:
Nucleotide:
Chromosome:
Genome:
Phenotype:
Genotype:
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Chapter 10
1. Explain the transformation principle.
2. How was it proved DNA is the transforming chemical?
3. Explain the Hershey Chase experiment.
4. How did they show DNA was the inherited material?
5. What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base
Structure
Purine or
Pyrimidine?
Complementary base?
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil
*not in
DNA*
6. Circle atom on each base that binds to the 5 carbon sugar
7. What is the name of the bond that binds the nitrogen base to the 5-carbon sugar?
5-carbon sugar: number each of the carbons 1’ to 5’, circle the carbons of which the
phosphates attach off the oxygen
Structure
DNA or RNA?
2’ –OH?
Deoxyribose
Ribose
8. Which carbons on the sugar can be esterfied with a phosphate? What is the name of the bond
formed?
9. How many hydrogen bonds are holding this DNA strand together? How many hydroxyl groups are
there in this DNA strand?
5’- A G G C T A G T A A T A C G C -3’
3’- T C C G A T C A T T A T G C G -5’
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Chapter 11
10. What is a nucleoid?
11. What is the definition of chromatin?
12. What are the two types of chromatin?
13. What is the first order of DNA packing into chromatin?
14. What composes the core of a nucleosome?
15. What is the difference between a chromatosome and a nucleosome?
16. Approximately how many nucleosomes are there in 5,000,000 bases of DNA?
17. What is the difference between a centromere and teleomere?
18. What is the difference between an epigenetic modification and a mutation?
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Chapter 12
19. Describe each of components of DNA replication.
Initiator protein (dnaA):
DNA gyrase:
DNA helicase:
Single-stranded binding protein:
DNA primase: Why is it needed in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase III: Which direction is the DNA synthesized?
DNA polymerase I: Which direction is the DNA synthesized? How is DNA polymerase I different than
DNA polymerase III?
DNA ligase:
Sliding clamp protein:
DNA template strand:
dNTPs:
RNA primer:
20. What is telomerase? How is DNA replication by telomerase different than DNA replication by
DNA polymerase?
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Chapter 13
21. Why is DNA more stable than RNA?
22. What is the difference between the DNA template strand and coding strand?
23. What composes the core of RNA polymerase?
24. Is a primer needed for transcription initiation?
25. Why is it not necessary for RNA polymerase to have 3’à 5’ exonuclease activity?
26. What is the TATA box, and what is the function of the TATA binding protein in transcription?
27. What are the two types of termination in prokaryotes?
28. What is a hairpin loop structure? Draw one.
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Chapter 14
29. What are the three main types of RNA? Which type is most abundant in cells?
30. What is the difference between an intron and an exon?
31. What is splicing?
32. What is the first step of the splicing mechanism?
33. What does alternative splicing mean?
34. What are the three main posttranscriptional modifications to eukaryotic pre-mRNA?
35. What is the 5’ cap structure?
36. What is the poly A tail?