Download 2015/5/13 9:24 AM

Review:'Genotype'to'Phenotype'AND'Phenotype'to'Genotype'
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Answer!the!following!questions!on!your!own!notebook!paper.!I!will!not!accept!any!work!that!is!
electronically!generated!or!submitted.!So!don’t!ask.!
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Write!true!if!the!answer!is!true.!Do!NOT!rewrite!the!question.!
Write!false!if!the!answer!is!false'AND!rewrite'the'question'to'make'it'true.!!
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1. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the
bases GAUCCA.
2. Messenger RNA is made from DNA during translation.
3. Nine codons are needed to specify three amino acids.
4. RNA molecules are produced during transcription.
5. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
codon on the mRNA and the anti-codon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
6. Genes contain instructions for assembling nucleosomes.
7. Phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine are found in both DNA and RNA.
8. DNA and RNA are proteins.
9. There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids.
10. RNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains uracil.
12. DNA controls the tertiary structure of proteins because DNA is directly responsible for
transcription of RNA and nucleotide sequence.
13. Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA are involved in protein synthesis.
14. RNA polymerase is a type of RNA that functions as a “blueprint” for protein synthesis.
15. mRNA carries the genetic code of DNA because the mRNA has a sequence exactly
complementary to the DNA.
16. If the DNA sequence is TACAGTGCTAGA the mRNA sequence will be ATGTCACGATCT.
17. In a cell, the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA occurs in the nucleolus.
18. The ribosomes of the cell are sites for the synthesis of starches.
19. Lipids are composed of a specific amino-acid sequence.
20. The enzyme that initiates the first stage of transcription is RNA transcription enzyme.
21. The RNA in the cytosol much smaller than the RNA in the nucleus because much of the RNA is
used up in the process of transcription.
22. The function of tRNA molecules is to transport amino acids to mRNA.
Use the following information about the original sequence to identify the type of DNA sequence
mutation shown in the following questions.
DNA sequence
TTAGAATGGAGC
Amino-acid sequence
—leucine—glutamate—tryptophan—serine
23. T T A G A A T G T A G C
—leucine—glutamate—cysteine—serine
Is an example of an addition type mutation.
24. T T A C G A A T G G A G C
—leucine—arginine—methionine—glutamate
Is an example of a deletion type mutation.
25. T T A G A A T A G C
—leucine—glutamate[stop]
Is an example of a missense type mutation.
26. A point mutation on a DNA sequence is one in which DNA sequences are inverted.
27. A frame-shift mutation in a DNA sequence changes the translation of every subsequent codon.
28. Large regions of chromosomes can mutate by being deleted or moved to other chromosomes.
29. Sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II is an example of an inversion mutation.
30. If a mutation occurs in a segment of a DNA molecule, it is reasonable to conclude that the
mutation is harmful to the organism.
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31. A retrovirus differs from a DNA virus because the retrovirus forms DNA from its RNA template.
32. Viruses have a simple cellular structure.
33. In general, viral replication involves production of viral proteins and assembly of viral particles
within a host cell.
34. A promoter is a binding site for DNA polymerase.
35. Prokaryotes genes turn on or off in response to genetic factors.
36. Specialized cells result from differences in the control of gene expression.
37. Translocation of a gene that comes under the control of a promoter can cause a gene to become an
oncogene.
38. A mutagen is an agent that causes cancer.
39. An approximation of the size and content of the human genome is over 3 billion base pairs long,
containing over 35,000 genes.
40. Analyzing DNA by gel electrophoresis allows researchers to cut DNA with restriction enzymes.
41. On an electrophoresis gel, band B is closer to the positive end of the gel than is band A. Band B
moved faster than band A.
42. If two DNA samples showed an identical pattern and thickness of bands produced by gel
electrophoresis, the samples contained different DNA molecules.
43. The key to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a single reaction that produces a single copy of
the starting DNA.
44. The laboratory use of restriction enzymes is to cut DNA into short segments.
45. Non-taster is possible genotype for the ability to taste PTC.
46. TT are alleles for a strong taster of PTC.
47. PCR polymerase removes contaminating metal ions released by your cheek cells during the
extraction of your DNA.
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