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8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. 8.4 Transcription Warm-up • Go to the table with the trait you have answer the following questions On a post-it answer the following questions and post on the nearest parking lot • What are traits? • How exactly are these traits passed? • How are these characteristics are created? 8.4 Transcription RNA carries DNA’s instructions. • The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. 8.4 Transcription • The central dogma includes three processes. – Replication – Transcription replication – Translation 2. transcription • RNA is a link between 1. DNA and proteins. 4. 3. translation 5. 8.4 Transcription • RNA differs from DNA in three major ways. – RNA has a ribose sugar. – RNA has uracil instead of thymine. – RNA is a single-stranded structure. 8.4 Transcription Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA. 8.4 Transcription • 1. Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. – RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex. – The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it. start site transcription complex nucleotides 8.4 Transcription 2. RNA polymerase reads one side of the DNA template. – RNA polymerase bonds the complementary nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA 8.4 Transcription – 3. The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed. RNA 8.4 Transcription • Transcription makes three types of RNA. 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. 8.4 Transcription Check point - Practice • Pass the message (2 – 3 people) • Person #1 – DNA On the whiteboard copy the following DNA strand 1. AGA GTT CTA ATC CCT • Pass the board to Person #2 – mRNA • Person #2 : Fill in the correct mRNA bases using the base pair rules • Pass the board to Person #3 – tRNA • Person #3: Fill in the correct tRNA bases using the base pair rules • Find the amino acid that goes with the tRNA (use genetic code wheel 8.4 Transcription You try on your own – who can figure it out first • DNA: • CAG TAT GAA AUG • Discussion Questions – mRNA is synthesized in translation or transcription? – How many codons equal one amino acid? – Where does translation takes place? – Where does transcription takes place? 8.4 Transcription The transcription process is similar to replication. • Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing. • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; transcription copies one gene growing RNA strands a gene. – Replication makes one copy; DNA transcription can make many copies.