Download Vocab: transcription codon promoter RNA polymerase terminator m/t

Chapter 17 Study Guide
Vocab:
transcription
terminator
initiation factors
release factor
point mutation
codon
m/t/rRNA
reading frame
wobble effect
frameshift mutation
promoter
P/A Site
translocation
intron/exon
substitution mutation
RNA polymerase
aminoacyl-tRNA syntheases
peptidyl transferase
RNA splicing
Objectives:
1. Describe Beadle & Tatum’s experiments with Neurospora, and explain the contribution they
made to our understanding of how genes control metabolism.
2. Explain how RNA differs from DNA.
3. Explain how information flows from gene to protein.
4. Describe where transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
5. Why is it significant that, in eukaryotes, transcription and translation are separated in space
and time?
6. Explain what relationship exists between the linear sequence of codons on mRNA and the linear
sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
7. Explain why the genetic code is redundant.
8. Explain the significance of the nearly universal genetic code.
9. Explain how RNA polymerase recognizes where transcription should begin.
10. Given a DNA sequence, be able to determine the sequence of the amino acids in the resulting
protein.
11. How does the structure of the ribosome relate to its function?
12. Describe how a polypeptide must be modified before it becomes fully functional.
13. Describe what determines whether a ribosome will be free in the cytosol or attached to the ER.
14. Explain how proteins can be targeted for specific sites within a cell.
15. Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA.
16. Explain how eukaryotic mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus.
17. Describe some biological functions on introns and gene splicing.
18. Explain why base-pair insertions or deletions usually have a greater effect than base-pair
substitutions.