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Transcript
8.4 Transcription
KEY CONCEPT
Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded
RNA molecule.
8.4 Transcription
Warm-up
• Go to the table with the trait you have answer the
following questions
On a post-it answer the following questions and post on the
nearest parking lot
• What are traits?
• How exactly are these traits passed?
• How are these characteristics are created?
8.4 Transcription
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
• The central dogma
states that
information flows in
one direction from
DNA to RNA to
proteins.
8.4 Transcription
•
The central dogma includes three processes.
– Replication
– Transcription
replication
– Translation
2.
transcription
• RNA is a link between
1.
DNA and proteins.
4.
3.
translation
5.
8.4 Transcription
• RNA differs from DNA in three major ways.
– RNA has a ribose sugar.
– RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
– RNA is a single-stranded structure.
8.4 Transcription
Transcription makes three types of RNA.
• Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA.
8.4 Transcription
• 1. Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase.
– RNA polymerase and other proteins form a
transcription complex.
– The transcription complex recognizes the start of
a gene and unwinds a segment of it.
start site
transcription complex
nucleotides
8.4 Transcription
2. RNA polymerase reads one side of the DNA template.
– RNA polymerase bonds the complementary nucleotides
together.
– The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed.
DNA
RNA polymerase
moves along the DNA
8.4 Transcription
– 3. The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the
gene is transcribed.
RNA
8.4 Transcription
• Transcription makes three types of RNA.
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will
be translated to form a protein.
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where
proteins are made.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the
cytoplasm to a ribosome.
8.4 Transcription
Check point - Practice
• Pass the message (2 – 3 people)
• Person #1 – DNA
On the whiteboard copy the following DNA strand
1. AGA GTT CTA ATC CCT
• Pass the board to Person #2 – mRNA
• Person #2 : Fill in the correct mRNA bases using the
base pair rules
• Pass the board to Person #3 – tRNA
• Person #3: Fill in the correct tRNA bases using the base
pair rules
• Find the amino acid that goes with the tRNA (use genetic
code wheel
8.4 Transcription
You try on your own – who can figure it out first
• DNA:
• CAG TAT GAA AUG
• Discussion Questions
– mRNA is synthesized in translation or transcription?
– How many codons equal one amino acid?
– Where does translation takes place?
– Where does transcription takes place?
8.4 Transcription
The transcription process is similar to replication.
• Transcription and replication both involve complex
enzymes and complementary base pairing.
• The two processes have different end results.
– Replication copies
all the DNA;
transcription copies
one
gene
growing RNA strands
a gene.
– Replication makes
one copy;
DNA
transcription can
make many copies.