Download Cognitive information processing

Cognitive information
processing
A result of several influences
• Especially:
– Learning theory
• S-R; S-O-R
– Computer science/Information processing
• Turing
• Intelligent machines
– Information theory
• Shannon/Bell Labs
Proposes:
• Sensory input is transformed into meaning
through a series of actions you perform
– Mainly in the brain, but not all
– The processes are in a relatively invariant
order
– All people follow the same set of processes of
thinking
– However, the outcomes can be quite different
Four major types of info processing
theories
•
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Stage theory
Depth of processing theory
Parallel distributed processing theory
Connectionist models
Stage theory
• Argues for three major types of memory
– Sensory memory
– Short-term memory
– Long-term memory
Levels-of-processing
• All information is stored, problem is in
retrieval
• Retrieval is based on the amount of
elaboration used in processing of
information
• Perception, attention, labeling, meaning
Parallel distributed processing
theory
• Simultaneous processing by several
different parts of memory system rather
than sequentially
Connectionistic theory
• Information is stored in multiple locations
throughout the brain in the form of
networks of connections
• More connections to a single idea or
concept, the more likely it is to be stored
and retrieved
General principles
• Limited capacity to be actively processed
at a given time
– Bottlenecks
• Control mechanism—part of the system’s
processing capacity must be assigned to a
control mechanism
Source: Huitt