Download Memory

Objectives:
To develop an understanding of Memory
Take out a piece of paper
Name the Seven Dwarves
Seven Dwarves
Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful
Difficulty of Task
• Was the exercise easy or difficult.
It depends on what factors?
•Whether you like Disney movies
•how long ago you watched the movie
•how loud the people are around you when
you are trying to remember
• Objectives: To develop an understanding of
memory.
• Agenda: Lecture
• Homework: Read pgs.
• Work on Vocab & Objective Questions
As you might have guessed, the next topic
we are going to examine is…….
Memory
The persistence of learning over time
through the storage and retrieval of
information. The process by which
we recollect prior experiences and
information skills learned in the past.
So what was the point of the seven dwarves
exercise?
Memory
• Take a minute to write down a description of what
you can remember about the first time you rode
your bicycle by yourself. What can you
remember? What kind of day was it? Where were
you? Who helped you? What were you wearing?
What color was your bike? Do you remember if
there were cars around you? Who was there?
What shoes were you riding? Do you remember
any scents? What season was it? Day of week?
How old were you?
Memory
• There are different kinds of memory,
different processes and different stages.
• Episodic memory: a memory of a specific
event. The event either took place in your
presence or you experienced the event- such
as your bike ride. Or what you ate for
breakfast.
Flashbulb Memory
• A clear moment
of an emotionally
significant
moment or event.
Where were you when?
1. You heard about 9/11
2. You heard about the
death of a family member
3. During the election of
our new president
Flashbulb Memory
• Orrrrr….. The first time you met your first
love.. Aaaahhhhhhhh!
• They are etched in our memories for several
reasons:
• 1. The distinctness
• 2. They have special meaning to us
• 3. We think of them often
Flashbulb Memory
Ruters/ Corbis
A unique and highly emotional moment may
give rise to a clear, strong, and persistent
memory called flashbulb memory. However,
this memory is not free from errors.
President Bush being told of 9/11 attack.
Generic Memory
• General knowledge that we remember
• Example: George Washington was the first
president of the U.S.
• We remember the facts, but probably do not
remember when we first learned them.
Procedural Memory
• Skills or procedures you have learned.
• Example: riding a bike, swimming, driving
a car, using a computer.
The Memory process
• Encoding
• Storage
• Retrieval
Encoding
• The processing of information into the
memory system.
Typing info into a computer
Getting a girls name at a party
Storage
• The retention of encoded material over
time.
Pressing Ctrl S and
saving the info.
Trying to remember her name
when you leave the party.
Retrieval
• The process of getting the information out
of memory storage.
Finding your document
and opening it up.
Seeing her the next day
and calling her the wrong
name (retrieval failure).
Turn your paper over.
Now pick pick out the seven
dwarves.
Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy
Smiley Jumpy Hopeful Shy
Droopy Dopey Sniffy Wishful
Puffy Dumpy Sneezy Pop
Grumpy Bashful Cheerful Teach
Snorty Nifty Happy Doc Wheezy
Stubby Poopy
Did you do better on the first or second dwarf memory
exercise?
Recall v. Recognition
• With recall- you must retrieve the
information from your memory (fill-in-the
blank tests).
• With recognition- you must identify the
target from possible targets (multiple-choice
tests).
• Which is easier?
Types of Memory
• Sensory Memory:
• Short-Term Memory
• Long-Term Memory
Sensory Memory
• The immediate, initial recording of sensory
information in the memory system.
• Stored just for an instant, and most gets
unprocessed.
Examples:
•You lose concentration in class during a lecture. Suddenly you
hear a significant word and return your focus to the lecture. You
should be able to remember what was said just before the key word
since it is in your sensory register.
•Your ability to see motion can be attributed to sensory memory. An
image previously seen must be stored long enough to compare to
the new image. Visual processing in the brain works like watching
a cartoon -- you see one frame at a time.
•If someone is reading to you, you must be able to remember the
words at the beginning of a sentence in order to understand the
sentence as a whole. These words are held in a relatively
unprocessed sensory memory.
Final 5
• What was the hardest thing in your
education for you to remember? Why?
How did you over come it?
Short-Term Memory
• Memory that holds a few items briefly.
• Seven digits (plus of minus two).
• The info will be stored into long-term or
forgotten.
How do you store things from short-term to long-term?
Rehearsal
You must repeat things over
and over to put them into
your long-term memory.
Working Memory
(Modern day STM)
•
•
Another way of describing the use of
short-term memory is called working
memory.
Working-Memory has three parts:
1. Audio
2. Visual
3. Integration of audio and visual (controls
where you attention lies)
Long-Term Memory
• The relatively permanent and limitless
storehouse of the memory system.