NEURAL MECHANISMS SUPPORTING THE LEARNING
... oldest and most straightforward paradigms to study fear-related processes (Domjan, 2005; LeDoux, 1998; Pavlov, 1927). It is considered a model system to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning (Fanselow & Ledoux, 1999; Helmstetter & Bellgowan, 1993; Kim & Jung, 2006; Maren, 2001). Dur ...
... oldest and most straightforward paradigms to study fear-related processes (Domjan, 2005; LeDoux, 1998; Pavlov, 1927). It is considered a model system to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of learning (Fanselow & Ledoux, 1999; Helmstetter & Bellgowan, 1993; Kim & Jung, 2006; Maren, 2001). Dur ...
(2010) Surround suppression sharpens the priority map in the lateral
... a brief white spot flashed for ⬍50 ms (2–3 video frames in 90% of trials; 1 video frame on the remaining trials) in the center of the RF. The duration of the distractor was independent of all other task parameters, including stimulus locations, timing, and reward size. The no-saccade control was ide ...
... a brief white spot flashed for ⬍50 ms (2–3 video frames in 90% of trials; 1 video frame on the remaining trials) in the center of the RF. The duration of the distractor was independent of all other task parameters, including stimulus locations, timing, and reward size. The no-saccade control was ide ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... subject level. This multiple linear regression modeled the input from all stimuli using a gamma variate hemodynamic response function. Reference waveforms modeled the CS+, CS−, and UCS during the acquisition phase, the CS+ and CS− on test trials, joystick movement, and head motion parameters. The re ...
... subject level. This multiple linear regression modeled the input from all stimuli using a gamma variate hemodynamic response function. Reference waveforms modeled the CS+, CS−, and UCS during the acquisition phase, the CS+ and CS− on test trials, joystick movement, and head motion parameters. The re ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
Ch 12 Anxiety
... operation. Too frequently, psychologists err (the factor analysts in particular) in defining a concept merely on the basis of results obtained from a series of tests, rating, or interviews, without ever bothering to consider the antecedent conditions. In humans the behavior has many manifestations, ...
... operation. Too frequently, psychologists err (the factor analysts in particular) in defining a concept merely on the basis of results obtained from a series of tests, rating, or interviews, without ever bothering to consider the antecedent conditions. In humans the behavior has many manifestations, ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... hypnosis. Orienting responses were recorded with electrodermal activity, a pure measure of sympathetic autonomic responsiveness. Highly susceptible subjects showed a reduction in responses with hypnosis when compared with several control conditions, whereas subjects with low susceptibility showed in ...
... hypnosis. Orienting responses were recorded with electrodermal activity, a pure measure of sympathetic autonomic responsiveness. Highly susceptible subjects showed a reduction in responses with hypnosis when compared with several control conditions, whereas subjects with low susceptibility showed in ...
Chronic Use and Cognitive Functioning and Mental Health
... the relationship between two images). However, during the verbal working memory task, adolescent boys who used cannabis chronically displayed while learning the task increased activity in prefrontal regions (areas of the brain that are thought to be important in complex cognitive behaviour such as p ...
... the relationship between two images). However, during the verbal working memory task, adolescent boys who used cannabis chronically displayed while learning the task increased activity in prefrontal regions (areas of the brain that are thought to be important in complex cognitive behaviour such as p ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
... FEF is retinotopically organized and has a map of visual field eccentricity (Schall, 2009). Many functionally different types of neurons have been identified in FEF. Movement neurons begin to fire approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson ...
ex1
... 3. By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to a. perceiv ...
... 3. By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to a. perceiv ...
this publication in PDF format
... consonance and harmonic function were partly confounded in these previous experiments. To avoid such confound, it is necessary to manipulate these two different types of musical violations independently, and to determine whether or not they elicit similar ERP components. To assess whether dissonance ...
... consonance and harmonic function were partly confounded in these previous experiments. To avoid such confound, it is necessary to manipulate these two different types of musical violations independently, and to determine whether or not they elicit similar ERP components. To assess whether dissonance ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... (morphine). In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pilot study we developed test procedures to measure reward related brain activity to anticipation and delivery of rewards, and to minimise potential confounds related to the pharmacological manipulation. We predicted activity in in the ve ...
... (morphine). In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pilot study we developed test procedures to measure reward related brain activity to anticipation and delivery of rewards, and to minimise potential confounds related to the pharmacological manipulation. We predicted activity in in the ve ...
... complications, which need to be considered in treatment. Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), such as structural MRI and functional MRI, improves the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional analysis of addiction-related changes. Several studies have shown that addiction alters the dopaminergic mesoc ...
Varieties of Analogical Reasoning
... purpose delimits the form of the analogies (e.g., geometrical, verbal, etc.), the categories or general domains for the terms, and the sorts of relations or transformations to be involved in the analogies. Analogies are created such that they have three terms, accompanied by a set of choice terms th ...
... purpose delimits the form of the analogies (e.g., geometrical, verbal, etc.), the categories or general domains for the terms, and the sorts of relations or transformations to be involved in the analogies. Analogies are created such that they have three terms, accompanied by a set of choice terms th ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal cortex, as demonstrated in single-unit recording studies in non-human primates7–10. However, it is largely unclear why value signals should be present in parallel for both of these regions. Recent theoret ...
... Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal cortex, as demonstrated in single-unit recording studies in non-human primates7–10. However, it is largely unclear why value signals should be present in parallel for both of these regions. Recent theoret ...
Link to fulltext - Ernst Strüngmann Institute
... (OSSS) of responses to visual stimuli presented to their classical receptive field (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). In addition, the amount of surround suppression of fMRI visual responses to gratings in human V1 is highly correlated with behavioral measures of surround suppressi ...
... (OSSS) of responses to visual stimuli presented to their classical receptive field (Blakemore and Tobin, 1972; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). In addition, the amount of surround suppression of fMRI visual responses to gratings in human V1 is highly correlated with behavioral measures of surround suppressi ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... The neuroscientific study of reward processing flourished with the detailed examination of neuronal activity in rodent brains during consumption and anticipation of rewards and punishment.4,5 For a comprehensive review, see Schultz.6 This work revealed that unexpected presentation of a reward, ac ...
... The neuroscientific study of reward processing flourished with the detailed examination of neuronal activity in rodent brains during consumption and anticipation of rewards and punishment.4,5 For a comprehensive review, see Schultz.6 This work revealed that unexpected presentation of a reward, ac ...
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex GABA Concentration in Humans
... could be made with positive findings. The set of neural processes underlying WM components is more restricted and better defined compared with those for overall WM. Therefore, a link between GABA and a specific WM component could point to GABA involvement in more limited and specified set of neural ...
... could be made with positive findings. The set of neural processes underlying WM components is more restricted and better defined compared with those for overall WM. Therefore, a link between GABA and a specific WM component could point to GABA involvement in more limited and specified set of neural ...
Dreaming and narrative theory
... counts as experience rather than any sense that dreams are narrative representations. Dennett distinguishes three components of dreaming implied by an experiential model: a (normally unconscious) process of composition; the presentation of the dream (to the experiencing mind); and its recording ( ...
... counts as experience rather than any sense that dreams are narrative representations. Dennett distinguishes three components of dreaming implied by an experiential model: a (normally unconscious) process of composition; the presentation of the dream (to the experiencing mind); and its recording ( ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... The controversy surrounding whether syntactic processing is distinct from the rest of language processing has recently included evidence obtained from the brain's electrical response to words in sentence contexts. Osterhout, McKinnon, Bersick and Corey (1996) report that event-related brain potentia ...
... The controversy surrounding whether syntactic processing is distinct from the rest of language processing has recently included evidence obtained from the brain's electrical response to words in sentence contexts. Osterhout, McKinnon, Bersick and Corey (1996) report that event-related brain potentia ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... University; and 5Department of Economics, National Taiwan University ...
... University; and 5Department of Economics, National Taiwan University ...
Evolving concepts of developmental auditory processing disorder
... auditory brainstem response (cABR) also reflect the fidelity of lowlevel sensory encoding, even if tuned by top-down influences over the long term (Krishnan et al, 2005; Kraus & Chandrasekaran, 2010), it seems unlikely that such measures will prove any more useful than direct behavioural measures of ...
... auditory brainstem response (cABR) also reflect the fidelity of lowlevel sensory encoding, even if tuned by top-down influences over the long term (Krishnan et al, 2005; Kraus & Chandrasekaran, 2010), it seems unlikely that such measures will prove any more useful than direct behavioural measures of ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
... maintenance of patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... Kosslyn et al. (1993) reported experiments using positron emission tomography (PET) to compare cortical activity during mental imagery with activity during visual perception. Participants were first presented with a grid of 5x4 cells in which one of the cells contained an X-mark. In the imagery cond ...
... Kosslyn et al. (1993) reported experiments using positron emission tomography (PET) to compare cortical activity during mental imagery with activity during visual perception. Participants were first presented with a grid of 5x4 cells in which one of the cells contained an X-mark. In the imagery cond ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... neural mechanisms can be distinguished: stimulus-driven increases of processing and attention-driven regulation. Measures of brain activity obtained using fMRI are a valuable source of data for studying the operation of both mechanisms. By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activit ...
... neural mechanisms can be distinguished: stimulus-driven increases of processing and attention-driven regulation. Measures of brain activity obtained using fMRI are a valuable source of data for studying the operation of both mechanisms. By stimulus-driven increases, we mean additional neural activit ...