Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
Brain-based cognitive processes that underlie
... Markman and Gentner (2001) because schemata include components that are based on inferences they can be erroneous. Mental models represent even higher levels of abstraction and generalization of multiple schemata and include knowledge, goals, values, and beliefs. Due to differences in prior experien ...
... Markman and Gentner (2001) because schemata include components that are based on inferences they can be erroneous. Mental models represent even higher levels of abstraction and generalization of multiple schemata and include knowledge, goals, values, and beliefs. Due to differences in prior experien ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
Module 22: Hypnosis and Meditation
... sensations, memories, and the world around you. William James – described consciousness as a "stream" or "river" that is always changing but unified and unbroken. Consciousness first studied through introspection (verbal self-reports) and later rejected in favor of studying only observable overt beh ...
... sensations, memories, and the world around you. William James – described consciousness as a "stream" or "river" that is always changing but unified and unbroken. Consciousness first studied through introspection (verbal self-reports) and later rejected in favor of studying only observable overt beh ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... automatically and unconsciously extracted. ...
... automatically and unconsciously extracted. ...
On the use of cognitive maps - David Redish
... Action-outcome associations are dependent on prelimbic mPFC (Corbit and Balleine, 2003a) and the entorhinal cortex (Corbit et al., 2002). These tasks are dependent on context (shown as an open box). C More recently Balleine has shown that multi-action-outcome associations are dependent on medial agr ...
... Action-outcome associations are dependent on prelimbic mPFC (Corbit and Balleine, 2003a) and the entorhinal cortex (Corbit et al., 2002). These tasks are dependent on context (shown as an open box). C More recently Balleine has shown that multi-action-outcome associations are dependent on medial agr ...
The Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness
... to a complex demonstrative of the form “I am in Dthat blue* state”. I use ‘Dthat’ loosely and only to capture the idea that the referent of the state is picked out by the causal relation. But this is an entirely separate issue. ...
... to a complex demonstrative of the form “I am in Dthat blue* state”. I use ‘Dthat’ loosely and only to capture the idea that the referent of the state is picked out by the causal relation. But this is an entirely separate issue. ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... this, greater activity in DMN regions (and MPFC specifically) at baseline may provide individuals with a means to cope with situational selfthreats by either accurately retrieving past experiences associated with success or via self-enhancing and recalling past behavioral outcomes as better than the ...
... this, greater activity in DMN regions (and MPFC specifically) at baseline may provide individuals with a means to cope with situational selfthreats by either accurately retrieving past experiences associated with success or via self-enhancing and recalling past behavioral outcomes as better than the ...
Negative affect induced by derogatory verbal feedback modulates
... subjects. Luu et al. (2000) were among the first relating trait and state measures to ERN amplitude. They found that negative affect goes along with increased ERN amplitude at the beginning of an experiment. An ERN relationship to trait, but not to state variables like anger, tension and fatigue has ...
... subjects. Luu et al. (2000) were among the first relating trait and state measures to ERN amplitude. They found that negative affect goes along with increased ERN amplitude at the beginning of an experiment. An ERN relationship to trait, but not to state variables like anger, tension and fatigue has ...
[PDF]
... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
... was initially observed in task-based neuroimaging studies [5–10] that documented reduced activity across DMN regions during task conditions relative to a resting baseline. Given the nature of the fMRI signal and the potential sources of error, initial concerns arose that these deactivations were spu ...
From Neuro-Psychoanalysis to Cognitive and Affective Automation Systems
... no one (with very rare exceptions) has done this by consulting the insights of psychoanalysis. The so far suggested comprehensive models are either a) not coherent enough, or b) they stay too vague, just arguing the need for this or that mechanism without specifying how it could be realized in detai ...
... no one (with very rare exceptions) has done this by consulting the insights of psychoanalysis. The so far suggested comprehensive models are either a) not coherent enough, or b) they stay too vague, just arguing the need for this or that mechanism without specifying how it could be realized in detai ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... Comparing the different EEG based BCIs, it can be seen that each method has its strengths and weaknesses. For example, motor imagery requires user training and also the response time is slower (the imaginary movement causes changes in EEG to show up only after a few seconds) seconds but this paradig ...
... Comparing the different EEG based BCIs, it can be seen that each method has its strengths and weaknesses. For example, motor imagery requires user training and also the response time is slower (the imaginary movement causes changes in EEG to show up only after a few seconds) seconds but this paradig ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... At the neural level, there is evidence that working memory is mediated by the same neural mechanisms that process the sensory information being retrieved [see the ‘sensory recruitment’ model of working memory (Awh & Jonides, 2001; D’Esposito, 2007; Serences et al., 2009)]. In a very recent functiona ...
... At the neural level, there is evidence that working memory is mediated by the same neural mechanisms that process the sensory information being retrieved [see the ‘sensory recruitment’ model of working memory (Awh & Jonides, 2001; D’Esposito, 2007; Serences et al., 2009)]. In a very recent functiona ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... rates, synaptic weights, etc.—that describe the neural circuits of the brain; the full set of values of these variables constitutes a brain state. How are the variables characterizing a mental state represented at the neural circuit level— i.e., the current brain state? This is one way to phrase a f ...
... rates, synaptic weights, etc.—that describe the neural circuits of the brain; the full set of values of these variables constitutes a brain state. How are the variables characterizing a mental state represented at the neural circuit level— i.e., the current brain state? This is one way to phrase a f ...
Slides - Translational Neuromodeling Unit
... • The combined time constant is called T2*. • fMRI uses acquisition techniques (e.g. EPI) that are sensitive to changes in T2*. The general principle of MRI: – excite spins in static field by RF pulses & detect the emitted RF – use an acquisition technique that is sensitive to local differences in T ...
... • The combined time constant is called T2*. • fMRI uses acquisition techniques (e.g. EPI) that are sensitive to changes in T2*. The general principle of MRI: – excite spins in static field by RF pulses & detect the emitted RF – use an acquisition technique that is sensitive to local differences in T ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a modified cross modality matching procedure, combined with electroencephalography (EEG) data, to e ...
... respective sensory modalities. Past studies have demonstrated that typical individuals tend to match brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds. The current study utilized a modified cross modality matching procedure, combined with electroencephalography (EEG) data, to e ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... that subjects needed to make a willingness-to-pay computation in free they would have to remain in the lab for 30 min at the conclusion of the trials to decide how much to bid, but they did not need to do so in forced experiment, and that the only thing that they will be able to eat is whattrials. e ...
... that subjects needed to make a willingness-to-pay computation in free they would have to remain in the lab for 30 min at the conclusion of the trials to decide how much to bid, but they did not need to do so in forced experiment, and that the only thing that they will be able to eat is whattrials. e ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... doi:10.1152/jn.00010.2007. We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The task ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.00010.2007. We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The task ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... data were then acquired in 2 consecutive runs of 32 mini-blocks. All trials were presented against a black background (1024 × 768 pix). Each mini-block started with a funny or neutral cartoons (500 × 500 pix; presented in a quasi-random order) for 6 s. Each cartoon was only presented once during the ...
... data were then acquired in 2 consecutive runs of 32 mini-blocks. All trials were presented against a black background (1024 × 768 pix). Each mini-block started with a funny or neutral cartoons (500 × 500 pix; presented in a quasi-random order) for 6 s. Each cartoon was only presented once during the ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... hippocampal processing can be biased toward encoding or retrieval at different times. Second, they argue that these biases are established by a computation performed in the hippocampus. Third, they propose that the regulation is not provided directly by the hippocampal signal. Rather, according to t ...
... hippocampal processing can be biased toward encoding or retrieval at different times. Second, they argue that these biases are established by a computation performed in the hippocampus. Third, they propose that the regulation is not provided directly by the hippocampal signal. Rather, according to t ...
The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation
... Reaction and reflex behaviors share the attribute that the response itself is unlearned. Both of these types of responses are innate and are typically elicited by stimuli that have, through evolutionary processes, come to be embedded in the genetic wiring of the nervous system. However, reactions ar ...
... Reaction and reflex behaviors share the attribute that the response itself is unlearned. Both of these types of responses are innate and are typically elicited by stimuli that have, through evolutionary processes, come to be embedded in the genetic wiring of the nervous system. However, reactions ar ...
132194 - Radboud Repository
... linguistic structures and mechanisms involved in sentence comprehension. A model whose assumptions are closer to cognitive reality should give rise to information measures that are more predictive of experimental data. Hence, the most plausible cognitive mechanisms for sentence processing can be ide ...
... linguistic structures and mechanisms involved in sentence comprehension. A model whose assumptions are closer to cognitive reality should give rise to information measures that are more predictive of experimental data. Hence, the most plausible cognitive mechanisms for sentence processing can be ide ...
Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the
... that executive control was required at the period of encoding but not during maintenance rehearsal. Therefore, the secondary task that placed a load on the central executive only produced performance decrements during encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the ...
... that executive control was required at the period of encoding but not during maintenance rehearsal. Therefore, the secondary task that placed a load on the central executive only produced performance decrements during encoding. It is important to note that WM sub-systems play different roles in the ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...