The Neuroscience of Spontaneous Thought: An Evolving
... processes by which thoughts are evoked (i.e. Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). For years, mindwandering has been defined as being either unrelated to the task at hand (as a task-unrelated thought) (e.g. Giambra, 1989) or as independent from external stimuli (as a stimulus-independent thought) (e.g. Teas ...
... processes by which thoughts are evoked (i.e. Smallwood & Schooler, 2006). For years, mindwandering has been defined as being either unrelated to the task at hand (as a task-unrelated thought) (e.g. Giambra, 1989) or as independent from external stimuli (as a stimulus-independent thought) (e.g. Teas ...
Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance
... have proposed that one of the dACC’s functions in cognition is to detect conflicts between active, but incompatible, streams of information processing13–15, such as between the color and the meaning of a word in the Stroop task16,17. dACC activation is consistently related to the amount of confli ...
... have proposed that one of the dACC’s functions in cognition is to detect conflicts between active, but incompatible, streams of information processing13–15, such as between the color and the meaning of a word in the Stroop task16,17. dACC activation is consistently related to the amount of confli ...
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward
... fewer than 10 members, the experimenter selected other members based on general popularity. On the day of the fMRI experiment, before they entered an fMRI scanner, each participant was shown pictures of the 10 members and asked if they could identify all of them. If there were any members that could ...
... fewer than 10 members, the experimenter selected other members based on general popularity. On the day of the fMRI experiment, before they entered an fMRI scanner, each participant was shown pictures of the 10 members and asked if they could identify all of them. If there were any members that could ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... blocks of normal sentences were contrasted, in an alternating periodic design, with blocks of (A) pragmatically, (B) semantically (SR), and (C) syntactically (subcategorically) violated sentences. Four subjects completed a further experiment in which normal sentences were contrasted with random stri ...
... blocks of normal sentences were contrasted, in an alternating periodic design, with blocks of (A) pragmatically, (B) semantically (SR), and (C) syntactically (subcategorically) violated sentences. Four subjects completed a further experiment in which normal sentences were contrasted with random stri ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
... Tardif, 1992; Cho et al., 1995) suggests the existence of learning- and memory-related functions in these areas, and the three systems dealt with here undoubtedly interact with these substrates. It is also sometimes suggested that plasticity is a general property of the nervous system, and that expe ...
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... Monetary incentive delay task We used the MID task as described by Knutson et al. (2001a) with slight modification to examine neural responses to monetary anticipation. Before entering the scanner, participants completed a 9-min practice version of the task. This practice task minimized later learnin ...
... Monetary incentive delay task We used the MID task as described by Knutson et al. (2001a) with slight modification to examine neural responses to monetary anticipation. Before entering the scanner, participants completed a 9-min practice version of the task. This practice task minimized later learnin ...
High reward expectancy during methylphenidate depresses the
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
Synesthetic personification
... gender). Thus before turning to examine the automaticity of personification, the consistency of inducer–concurrent pairings needs to be demonstrated. Indeed the consistency of these reports has been confirmed in both single case studies (Simner and Holenstein 2007; Smilek et al. 2007) and group stud ...
... gender). Thus before turning to examine the automaticity of personification, the consistency of inducer–concurrent pairings needs to be demonstrated. Indeed the consistency of these reports has been confirmed in both single case studies (Simner and Holenstein 2007; Smilek et al. 2007) and group stud ...
chelazzi et al 2012 - Emergent Attention Lab
... as the reduced relevance of consistently ignored stimuli, is directly linked to robust changes in their representation at the neural level. In one study it was found that, following extensive training, neuronal responses are increased for items repeatedly used as targets, while they are progressivel ...
... as the reduced relevance of consistently ignored stimuli, is directly linked to robust changes in their representation at the neural level. In one study it was found that, following extensive training, neuronal responses are increased for items repeatedly used as targets, while they are progressivel ...
博士論文
... language is its combinatorial process of syntax, with which multiple words are combined into structurally complex constituents (Chomsky, 1965; Jackendoff, 2002). This process enables us to produce an infinite variety of expressions from our limited lexicon. The investigation of neuro-anatomical base ...
... language is its combinatorial process of syntax, with which multiple words are combined into structurally complex constituents (Chomsky, 1965; Jackendoff, 2002). This process enables us to produce an infinite variety of expressions from our limited lexicon. The investigation of neuro-anatomical base ...
The dual nature of time preparation: neural
... single pulse TMS was delivered, over the hand area of the left motor cortex (M1), according to seven stimulation times distributed either during the preparatory period or during the RT. Note that when the stimulation was delivered during the foreperiod, the subjects were unaware as to the effector i ...
... single pulse TMS was delivered, over the hand area of the left motor cortex (M1), according to seven stimulation times distributed either during the preparatory period or during the RT. Note that when the stimulation was delivered during the foreperiod, the subjects were unaware as to the effector i ...
... the research project, but also opened up new questions and new methodological possibilities that eventually contributed to the foundation of cognitive science. In many ways, Simon, Newell, and Shaw’s collaboration might be considered a canonical example of the power and possibility of multidisciplin ...
Sports concussion management in the South African environment
... significance of recognising concussion and the importance of following best clinical practice guidelines. Public education programmes make use of media campaigns (e.g. “Sports Concussion Awareness Week” on radio), public and school lectures and the internet (www.sportsconcussion.co.za). Most importa ...
... significance of recognising concussion and the importance of following best clinical practice guidelines. Public education programmes make use of media campaigns (e.g. “Sports Concussion Awareness Week” on radio), public and school lectures and the internet (www.sportsconcussion.co.za). Most importa ...
Is the cerebellum involved in learning and cognition?
... were found in the cerebellum. Moreover, Purkinje cell loss has been observed in the cerebellar hemispheres in ten out of ten postmortem case studies of autistic individuals [ 291. Other studies do not support the hypothesis that autism is correlated with cerebellar pathology. In a recent study, cere ...
... were found in the cerebellum. Moreover, Purkinje cell loss has been observed in the cerebellar hemispheres in ten out of ten postmortem case studies of autistic individuals [ 291. Other studies do not support the hypothesis that autism is correlated with cerebellar pathology. In a recent study, cere ...
... control turning angle per time step when they are “on food,” turning angle per time step when they are “off food,” and a memory depth that describes the number of time steps it takes for the animals to progress from the on-food to the off-food turning angle once they have left food (the inverse of m ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... FMRI contrast–response functions were measured for each of two spatial frequencies (0.5 and 2.0 c/°) and at each of six baseline contrasts. Responses to each of the 12 stimulus conditions (six contrasts, two spatial frequencies) were measured in separate scans, and each measurement was repeated two ...
... FMRI contrast–response functions were measured for each of two spatial frequencies (0.5 and 2.0 c/°) and at each of six baseline contrasts. Responses to each of the 12 stimulus conditions (six contrasts, two spatial frequencies) were measured in separate scans, and each measurement was repeated two ...
Language repetition and short-term memory: an integrative
... effects in phonological (rhyme judgment) and semantic (category judgment) STM tasks: for both tasks, load effects were observed outside the ventral and dorsal language processing pathways, and involved the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in t ...
... effects in phonological (rhyme judgment) and semantic (category judgment) STM tasks: for both tasks, load effects were observed outside the ventral and dorsal language processing pathways, and involved the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in t ...
Stress and Panic
... Observe and interact. • ID and Solve Problems Give solutions not problems. Avoid negative words. • Assist in Decision No undue encouragement or pressure. • Stop, Think, Act Have a plan ready to put into action! • Control Breathing ...
... Observe and interact. • ID and Solve Problems Give solutions not problems. Avoid negative words. • Assist in Decision No undue encouragement or pressure. • Stop, Think, Act Have a plan ready to put into action! • Control Breathing ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. The essential factors in the reference memory task are the formation of a particular association between a stimulus and a response by learning and long-term maintenance of this association, whic ...
... response is required for correct performance, and long-term maintenance of this association is necessary. The essential factors in the reference memory task are the formation of a particular association between a stimulus and a response by learning and long-term maintenance of this association, whic ...
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of
... executive function and visuomotor tracking. The ratio of times to complete both parts of the test (TMT-B/TMT-A) was calculated to assess executive function taking individual differences in visual scanning and motor speed into account. The sustained attention to response task (SART) displays numbers ...
... executive function and visuomotor tracking. The ratio of times to complete both parts of the test (TMT-B/TMT-A) was calculated to assess executive function taking individual differences in visual scanning and motor speed into account. The sustained attention to response task (SART) displays numbers ...
Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma Robin L. Aupperle
... dysfunction. William James, in The Principles of Psychology, defined attention as “the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought” (James, 1890). He went on to say that “.It implies withdrawal from some ...
... dysfunction. William James, in The Principles of Psychology, defined attention as “the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought” (James, 1890). He went on to say that “.It implies withdrawal from some ...
Mental rotation and object categorization share a common network
... behavioral methods (Tarr, 1995), but the findings from neuropsychology and neuroimaging provide some support. Occipitoparietal damage impairs object categorization. For example, patients with the ‘perceptual categorization deficit’ type of visual apperceptive agnosia (Farah, 1990) have right inferio ...
... behavioral methods (Tarr, 1995), but the findings from neuropsychology and neuroimaging provide some support. Occipitoparietal damage impairs object categorization. For example, patients with the ‘perceptual categorization deficit’ type of visual apperceptive agnosia (Farah, 1990) have right inferio ...
Mental Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
... SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept of neural plasticity has been studied through various methods by different researchers over the years. The ...
... SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept of neural plasticity has been studied through various methods by different researchers over the years. The ...
Multistable representation of speech forms: a functional - GIPSA-Lab
... involving mental repetition of the same stimuli with active search for transformations. The choice of a mental repetition condition as baseline was made to minimize cerebral activations not directly associated with the verbal transformation task, considering that both conditions share a common prima ...
... involving mental repetition of the same stimuli with active search for transformations. The choice of a mental repetition condition as baseline was made to minimize cerebral activations not directly associated with the verbal transformation task, considering that both conditions share a common prima ...