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Chapter 12-Final Exam Review- DNA Match the term with its definition. Definition Term 1. In DNA, the fit between thymine and adenine and the fit between cytosine and guanine. 2. An enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA A. transformation B. bacteriophage C. base pairing D. replication E. DNA polymerase 3. The process that can change a F. telomere harmless bacterial strain into a diseasecausing strain 4. The tip of a chromosome 5. The process that copies a DNA molecule 6. A kind of virus that infects bacteria Complete each statement by writing in the correct word or words. Word Bank-.bacteriophage, transformation, base- pairing, replication, telomere, DNA polymerase (some words will be used more than once) 7. Each time a chromosome is replicated, some DNA may be lost from the tip of the chromosome, or . 8. Griffith’s experiments showed that some chemical compound in cells must be responsible for bacterial ______________. 9. Hershey and Chase studied a and a protein coat. that was composed of a DNA core 10. The enzyme that “proofreads” each new DNA strand so that each molecule is a near- perfect copy of the original is . 11. In eukaryotic cells, on the DNA molecule. can begin at dozens or even hundreds of places 12. The double-helix model explains Chargaff’s rule of ___________. 13. The DNA molecule separates into two strands during ______________. 14. The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is . The Role of DNA Complete this graphic organizer: DNA must perform three functions: Function: Function: Function: Copying information Why this function is important: Example: Why this function is important: Example: Why this function is important: Example: The Components of DNA Complete each statement by writing in the correct word or words. Word Bank-deoxyribose, nucleic tides, nucleotides, base, hydrogen, phosphate group, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine 1. The building blocks of DNA are . 2. Nucleotides in DNA are made of three basic components: a sugar called __________, a _________, and a nitrogenous 3. DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases: , and . 4. In DNA, , . , can be joined in any order. 5. The nucleotides in DNA are joined by bonds. Solving the Structure of DNA 6. Complete the table to describe each scientist’s contribution to solving the structure of DNA. Scientist Contribution Erwin Chargaff Rosalind Franklin James Watson and Francis Crick The Double-Helix Model For Questions 8–13, on the lines provided, label the parts of the DNA molecule that correspond to the numbers in the diagram. The drawing below shows half of a DNA molecule. Fill in the appropriate letters for the other half. Explain why you drew your sketch the way you did. 14.Complete this table to show how the structure of the DNA molecule allows it to perform each essential function. Function Store information Copy information Transmit information Structure of the Molecule Copying the Code 1. Why are the strands of a DNA molecule said to be complementary? 2. What is the first step in eukaryotic DNA replication? 3. If the base sequence on a separated DNA strand is CGTAGG, what will the base sequence on its complementary strand be? 4. What enzyme joins individual nucleotides to produce the new strand of DNA?