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STRUCTURE OF A NEURONE Receptors are special nerve endings found within our skin and include: touch, pain, pressure and temperature receptors. It is their job to detect changes in the environment. These changes, known as stimuli may include temperature changes, pain or pressure, are carried in the form of electrical impulses from the receptors along the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) to the Central nervous System (CNS) of the spinal cord and finally to the Brain. The electrical impulses travel through the nervous system via neurones. Neurones are the basic cells of the nervous system. There are three different types of neurones: NEURONE Sensory neurone Inter neurone Motor neurone FUNCTION Carry the impulse generated by the stimuli to the Central Nervous System (CNS) Carry the impulse through the Central Nervous System (CNS) Carry the impulse from the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the effectors, which may be muscles or glands Each neurone consists of three key structures: NEURAL COMPONENT Dendrite Cell Body Axon FUNCTION A group of fine branches that receive messages from receptors and other neurones and convey nerve signals to the cell body Contains a nucleus which supplies nutrients and energy for the activity of the neurone A long structure through which nerve impulses pass from the cell body. There are axon branches at the end of the axon. It is covered by an insulating sheath of myelin. Nerve impulses travel along a neuron in ONE direction only – from dendrite to axon branch. Neurons grouped together form a nerve. SOME RECEPTORS FOUND IN HUMANS RECEPTOR TYPE Rods and cones Auditory Olfactory Taste buds Pain Compression Temperature Posture Blood pressure Breathing Water Temperature Sugar Acidity STIMULUS WHERE FOUND Light Vibrations Gases and vapours Dissolved substances Strong, potentially damaging stimuli Touch, pressure Heat loss of gain Stretch Tension Position of bones Force of blood Oxygen Carbon dioxide Lung inflation Lung deflation Lung irritants Change in water content Core temperature Glucose level in blood Changes in pH Eye Ear Nose Tongue, epiglottis, pharynx Throughout the body Skin, muscles, joints, internal organs Skin Muscles Tendons Joints Main blood vessels Main artery Hind brain Lung Lung Trachea, bronchi Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hind part of brain