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Name: _____________________________________________________ Pd.: ________ Date: ______________________ Homework – DNA Transcription 1. Cells cannot make proteins directly from DNA. They must convert the DNA into an intermediate molecule called RNA, or ribonucleic acid. That conversion process is called __________________________________________. 2. The __________________ _________________ of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA, to proteins. 3. It involves three major processes in a eukaryotic cell: __________________________ (copies DNA) __________________________ (converts DNA to RNA) __________________________ (interprets an RNA message to a string of amino acids which make up proteins) 4. The double helix structure explains how DNA can be replicated, or copied, but it does not explain how a gene works. Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell. The first step in decoding these genetic messages is to copy part of the nucleotide sequence from DNA into RNA, or ribonucleic acid. These RNA molecules then carry out the process of making proteins. You can think of an RNA molecule as a disposable copy of a segment of DNA. However, there are three main differences between RNA and DNA. Complete the table below to summarize the three main differences: DNA RNA Sugar is deoxyribose Molecule is double-stranded Bases are A, T, C, G 5. Transcription is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA. During the process of transcription, a ____________, not an entire chromosome, is transferred into an RNA message. 6. RNA molecules have many functions, but in the majority of cells most RNA molecules are involved in just one jobprotein synthesis. The assembly of amino acids into proteins is controlled by RNA. There are three main types of RNA. Complete the table below to summarize the function of each type of RNA: Type of RNA Messenger (mRNA) Ribosomal (rRNA) Transfer (tRNA) Function of RNA 7. Transcription requires an enzyme to bind to the DNA and separate the DNA strands. The enzyme is called RNA _________________. 8. During transcription of a DNA gene to a messenger RNA strand, the adenine nucleotide is transcribed to a _________________ nucleotide. 9. Where in the cell do both transcription and replication occur in eukaryotic cells? __________________________ 10. The diagram below represents a portion of a DNA molecule that is being transcribed to mRNA. What are the nucleotide bases 1 through 10 that will be transcribed from the nucleotides of the DNA strand? Write the letters of the RNA nucleotides in the spaces. 11. What is produced during transcription? 12. Unlike DNA, RNA contains a. RNA molecules a. adenine b. DNA molecules b. uracil c. c. Phosphate groups RNA polymerase d. proteins d. thymine