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1 February 19, 2010 Multiple choice questions (numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers) 1. Which of the following statements are true Transcriptomes consist of functional RNAs Genes can be disrupted by RNA interference The genetic code includes 1 termination codon 3’ ends of genes can be identified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) A northern analysis involves separating DNA fragments in agarose gels RNA interference does not work in prokaryotes Homologous recombination can be used to inactivate genes Transposons can be directed to disrupt specific genes A Southern hybridization identifies genes that are expressed Exon-intron boundaries can be easily located by a computer Open reading frames are only found in protein-coding genes 2. Dideoxynucleotides are used in PCR Southern hybridization Transformation Cloning DNA sequencing Culturing of bacteria (1) 3. Protein-coding genes can be identified by Transposon tagging ORF scanning Zoo-blotting Nuclease S1 mapping (1) 4. The function of genes can be determined by Gene inactivation Homology search Exon trapping Zoo-blotting Northern analysis (2) 5. Expression of genes can be analyzed by Northern analysis Southern analysis Comparative genomics RNA interference (1) (4) 2 6. Chromosome walking Is used in genetic mapping Can be used to close physical sequence gaps Occurs in mitosis Requires a genomic DNA library Can be done by PCR Is used in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 7. Optical mapping Uses restriction enzymes Is normally done with metaphase chromosomes Determines the position of restriction sites in a DNA molecule Uses a fluorescent dye Is a technique used in genetic mapping 8. Radiation hybrids Are human cell lines Can hold large pieces of chromosomal DNA Are rodent cell lines Are produced by irradiation with UV light Have been used in mapping the yeast genome 9. Physical mapping Requires large numbers of organisms Utilizes genomic libraries Is less accurate than genetic mapping Detects polymorphic DNA sequences Uses restriction fragment polymorphisms (RFLPs) (2) (2) 10. ‘Physical gaps’ in a DNA sequence Are easier to close than ‘sequence gaps’ Are usually smaller than 100 bp Can only be closed by making a new clone library Can only be closed by sequencing all clones in a library a second time 11. An EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) Is a protein sequence Is an RNA sequence Is a DNA sequence Is used to delineate regulatory sequence elements Is used in genetic mapping Consists only of exon sequences Can often be detected by histochemical assays 12. An STS (Sequence Tagged Site) (3) (1) (1) (2) 3 Is a protein sequence Is an RNA sequence Is a DNA sequence Is used in genetic mapping (1) 13. Proteomes Occur in all living cells Consist of protein genes Are characterized by Southern analysis Differ in different cell types Are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis 14. cDNA Is made from ribosomal RNA Is made from tRNA Is made from mRNA Contains only introns Contains only exons Is single-stranded (2) 15. ORF scanning Is used to find exons Is used to find intergenic sequences Is used to find gene homologies Is used to find protein-coding genes 16. Clone fingerprinting Is a cloning technique Identifies overlapping DNA sequences Is used in physical mapping of genomes Is used in sequence assembly 17. A codon bias Is used in genome mapping Is found in intergenic regions Is found in functional RNAs Is only found in eukaryotes Is used to identify genes (1) Correct answers 26-29 23-25 18-22 14-17 12-13 <12 (2) (1) Total: Mark A B C D E F (2) 29