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DVD- Cracking the Code- DeCode and Iceland Controversy in Iceland A. deCODE a biotechnology company may use health, genealogical, and genetic information of 270,000 residents. B. Why did deCODE choose Iceland? Low genetic diversity in the population Successes: ID of genes for various diseases Problem: Privacy is in jeopardy 1866 Mendel’s work is published 1886 Advances in microscopes=chromosomes 1880’s 1890’s Mitosis/meiosis 1900 Correns confirms Mendel’s work early1900’s Sutton and Boveri-Chromosome Theory of Inheritance Early 1900’s Mutations discoveries led to gene mapping 1920’s-1940’s Avery, McLeod, McCarty –DNA carries information 1952-Watson and Crick-double helix Mendel is the starting point for Genetics (the study of heredity and variation) 1860’s used garden peas Identified patterns of inheritance His work was ignored until Correns in 1900’s confirmed his work Genes (units of inheritance)occur in pairs and control traits Chromosome numbers in sexual reproduction Diploid number (2n)- 46 for humans Homologous chromosomes – one set from Mom and one set from Dad (23 each for humans) Haploid number (n)- 23 for humans Sutton and Boveri –Chromosome Theory of Inheritance = genes are carried on chromosomes Fruity Fly studies led to discoveries: Terms: Mutation (inherited change in gene) Allele (alternate forms of a gene) Phenotype (observable features of genes) Until 1940’s proteins were thought to be the source of genetic material Proteins are abundant in the cell and are diverse in structure and function BUT Fruit Flies, bacteria, and viruses led to the discovery that DNA Alphabets (Genetic Code) DNA is made of nucleotides (A,T, G, C) RNA is made of nucleotides (A, U, G, C) Watson and Crick-double helix with complimentary relationships A-T(U) G-C Transcription- DNA to RNA Translation- RNA to protein Central Dogma of Genetics
