Download BIOLOGY 30 UNIT C: CELL DIVISION, GENETICS AND

BIOLOGY 30 UNIT C: CELL DIVISION, GENETICS AND MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
AT THE END OF THIS UNIT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
 understand the significance of chromosome numbers in somatic and
sex cells (i.e. haploid, diploid, polyploidy)
 explain the events of the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis,
cytokinesis)
 explain the process of meiosis (spermatogenesis/oogenesis) and
why it is necessary to reduce chromosome number
 compare mitosis and meiosis
 explain crossing over and nondisjunction and how they affect
inheritance and development
 compare identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins
 recognize the chromosome number present in various stages of an
alternation of generations life cycle
 explain that science and technology are developed to meet societal
needs and expand human capability
 demonstrate the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis and
meiosis
 identify the stages of the cell cycle as viewed under the
microscope (and calculate the duration of each stage)
 compare different reproductive strategies in organisms (e.g. binary
fission, budding, alternation of generations)
 prepare and analyze a human karyotype
 describe the evidence for dominance, segregation, and the
independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes, as
investigated by Mendel
 compare ratios and probabilities of genotypes and phenotypes for
dominant/recessive, multiple, incompletely dominant, and
codominant alleles
 explain the influence of gene linkage and crossing over on
variability
 explain the relationship between variability and the number of
genes controlling a trait ( one pair of genes vs multiple pairs)
 recognize the difference in inheritance of genes on sex
chromosomes vs those on autosomes
 recognize that scientific and technological development involve a
variety of perspectives, including social, cultural, environmental,
ethical and economic
 design a plan to investigate human inheritance (e.g. tongue rolling,
widow’s peak, etc.)
 predict the probability of inheritance of traits in monohybrid,
dihybrid and sex-linked inheritance using pedigrees and Punnett
squares
 compare predicted vs actual results of a genetic cross (to show the
effects of chance)
 draw and interpret pedigree charts
 analyze crossover data from for a single pair of chromosomes to
create a chromosomal map showing gene arrangement and relative
distance
 summarize the historical events that led to the discovery of the
structure of the DNA molecule, including the work of
Franklin/Watson and Crick
 explain how DNA replicates
 explain transcription and translation
 explain how restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules into smaller
fragments and how ligase enzymes reassemble them
 explain how cells may be transformed by inserting new DNA
sequences into their genomes
 explain how a random change (mutation) in the sequence of bases
results in abnormalities or provides a source of genetic variability
 explain how base sequences give evidence for the relationship
among organisms of different species
 explain that science and technology have both intended and
unintended consequences for humans and the environment
(e.g. concerns over cloning, genetically modified foods, patenting
genes)
 model the structure of DNA
 analyze relationships between human activities and changes in
genetic information that lead to heritable mutations and cancer