Download 4A DNA Pre-Standard ANSWER KEY DNA STRUCTURE What type

4A DNA Pre-Standard
ANSWER KEY
DNA STRUCTURE
1.
What type of molecule is this?
NUCLEIC ACID, DNA
2. What is structure X called?
NUCLEOTIDE
3. What three things make up the answer to number 2?
SUGAR, PHOSPHATE, NITROGEN BASE
4. What is true about the number/percentage of adenine molecules compared
to thymine? cytosine compared to guanine?
% A = % T, % C = % G (CHARGAFF’S RATIO)
5. Which bases are considered purines?
2 RINGS = ADENINE & GUANINE
6. Which bases are considered pyrimidines?
1 RING = THYMINE & CYTISINE
7. Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
CYTOPLASM, SINGLE CHROMOSOME
8. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
NUCLEUS, CHROMATIN PACKED INTO CHROMOSOME
9. What molecules make up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE
P
12. Label the sugar molecules, the phosphate molecules, and the
bases in the above diagram. Circle and label a codon. Circle
and label a nucleotide.
S
P
10. What molecules make up the rungs of a DNA molecule?
NITROGEN BASES BONDED TOGETHER WITH HYDROGEN BONDS
11. What are the complementary base pairs? (Which base pairs with
which?) A-T. G-C
T
S
P
C
S
S
P
P
S
C
S
P
P
S
T
S
DNA REPLICATION
13. In what process is DNA copied?
DNA REPLICATION
14. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases TAGCAT produces a strand with the bases:
ATCGTA
NITROGEN BASES
15. The pairing of ________________________
in DNA is the key feature that allows DNA to be copied.
COMPARING DNA & RNA
15. What is the same between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide?
ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, HYDROGEN BONDS
16. What is different between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide?
NUMBER OF STRANDS, SUGAR, THYMINE AND URACIL
RIBOSE
DEOXYRIBOSE
17. RNA contains the sugar ___________,
while DNA contains the sugar ________________
P
18. How many types of RNA are there?
THREE
19. Name and provide the function (job) of each:
rRNA
SITE OF PROTEIN
PRODUCTION
tRNA
TRANSPORTS
AMINO ACIDS
mRNA
BRINGS BLUE PRINTS FROM NUCLEUS TO RIBOSOME
TRANSCRIPTION
20. What is produced during transcription?
mRNA
21. Where does this process occur?
NUCLEUS
THE GENETIC CODE
22. Genes contain instructions for assembling __PROTEINS__.
23. Arrange the following from largest to smallest:
nucleus, cell, chromosome, nucleotide, DNA
NUCLEOTIDE, DNA, CHROMOSOME, NUCLEUS, CELL
24. What is a codon?
THREE NUCLEOTIDES
25. What does a codon code for?
ONE AMINO ACID
26. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified
by more than one kind of codon?
ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS, 65 CODONS
27. What is the start codon? Which amino acid does it code
for?
AUG- METHIONINE
28. Name the three stop codons:
UGA, UAA, UAG
29. Which amino acids would the following codons specify?
GUA— VALINE
AGC— SERINE
UCA—SERINE
CCC— PROLINE
GAC—ASPARTIC ACID UUC---PHENYLALANINE
TRANSLATION/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
30. What is produced in translation?
PROTEIN OR POLYPEPTIDE
31. Ribosomes are made up of rRNA , 2 PARTS .
Know the steps of translation:
32. Identify the following structures in
the diagram:
A: DNA TEMPLATE
B: DNA COMPLIMENTARY STRAND
C: NUCLEOTIDE
D: mRNA
E: START CODON
F: CODON
Identify the following processes in the diagram:
X: TRANSCRIPTION
Y: TRANSLATION
33. What process is illustrated in the figure?
TRANSLATION
34. In which part of the cell does this process take
place?
CYTOPLASM
35. Identify the following structures:
A. NUCLEUS
B. mRNA
C. rRNA
D. tRNA
E. ANTICODON
F. START CODON
G. mRNA
37. Asparagine and Methionine are what type of molecule? AMINO ACIDS
MUTATIONS
38. Mutation— CHANGE IN DNA SEQUENCE
39. Mutagen— SUBSTANCE THAT CAUSES MUTATIONS
40. What are some examples of mutagens? UV RAYS, CHEMICALS, ENVIRONMENT
41. Point mutation— CHANGE IN ONE OR MORE NUCLEOTIDES
42. Frameshift mutation— INSERTION OR DELETIONS CAUSES A SHIFT IN CODON READING
43. Substitution— ONE NUCLEOTIDE IS PUT IN THE PLACE OF ANOTHER
44. Insertion— AN EXTRA NUCLEOTIDE IS ADDED TO THE SEQUENCE
45. Deletion— A NUCLEOTIDE OF MISSING IN SEQUENCE
46. Inversion— NUCELOTIDE SEQUENCE IS COPIED BACKWARDS
47. Translocation— PART OF ONE CHROMOSOME IS EXCHANGED WITH ANOTHER NONHOMOLOGOUS
48. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT to TACCAT. What type of mutation is this?
-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation? SUBSTITUTION, POINT
49. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT to TACAT. What type of mutation is this?
-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation? DELETION, FRAMESHIFT
50. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT to TAGACAT. What type of mutation is this?
-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation? INSERTION, FRAMESHIFT
51. Label the type of each of the mutations shown in the diagram.
A: DELETION
B: INSERTION
C: INVERSION
D: TRANSLOCATION