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Subterm 2 Final Review Guide (Ch. 11, 12, 15, 16, & 17-1)
STUDY HINTS (so, where do I start.... ???)
1.
Re-read or at least scan over each section to remind yourself of the big ideas. Spend more time on topics that you
are not quite clear on or that you struggled with the first time through.
2.
Study key diagrams (in NOTES and Textbook and try to explain concepts and processes that are illustrated to
another person (i.e. out loud, like you are teaching them something).
3.
Review all class notes given by the teacher. Try to highlight main ideas.
4.
Go over review guides
5.
As you review each Unit, keep a piece of paper nearby and write down things you need help on.
PART I: Vocabulary—on a separate sheet of paper, define the following words (try to put the
definitions in your own words so that you understand them and could explain the meaning to someone
else!)
Genotype
Diploid
Phenotype
Haploid
Meiosis
Genetic drift
Polygenic trait
Homologous pair
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Natural selection
Natural Selection
Fossil
Artificial selection
Incomplete
Dominance
PART II: Answer the following questions.
Biotech
1. What the window look like on a P-20 if you dialed in 6.3 µL?
2. What the window look like on a P-20 if you dialed in 11.7 µL?
3. What the window look like on a P-20 if you dialed in 15.3 µL?
4. What is the purpose of the “first stop” on the micropipettor?
5. What is the purpose of the “second stop?”
6. What is a restriction enzyme?
7. What is a plasmid?
8. Gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on what 2 properties? (Circle which property used in
the Lab)
9. Why does DNA move towards the positive end of the electrophoresis box?
Chapter 11
1. How many chromosomes are in a normal human cell? _______ In a normal human gamete? ________
2. What is the product of meiosis?
3. What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
4. How is meiosis different that mitosis?
5. What is the diploid chromosome number in humans? _________ The haploid number? _________
6. Cross two plants that are heterozygous for green pods. List all possible offspring. (Hint: green pod
color is dominant over yellow pod color).
7. Describe the ideas/work of Gregor Mendel.
8. Differentiate between a hybrid organism and a true breeding organism in terms of genotype.
Chapter 12
9. Who discovered the structure of DNA? In about what year?
10. Explain the difference between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
11. Compare DNA to RNA.
12. Draw and label a nucleotide of DNA.
13. Where does DNA replication occur?
14. What is the product of DNA replication?
15. Where does transcription occur?
16. What is the product of transcription?
17. Where does translation occur?
18. What is the product of translation?
19. What are the “base pairing rules”?
20. What holds the DNA strands together? What holds the backbone of DNA together?
21. What is a codon? An anticodon?
22. The following is the base sequence on one strand (original) of a DNA molecule:
AATGCCAGTGGTTCGCAC
a) Write the base sequence of the complementary DNA strand.
b) Write the base sequence of the strand of mRNA transcribed from the original DNA strand.
c) What protein fragment (amino acid sequence) would this mRNA code for?
Ch. 15, 16, and 17-1: Evolution
23. What were Lamarck’s two main ideas?
24. What is the difference between an adaptation, variation, and fitness?
25. List the lines of evidence for evolution.
26. Differentiate between analogous, homologous, and vestigial structures and give an example of each.
27. A patient is administered 100 milligrams of iodine-131. How much iodine-131 will remain in the patient’s
body after 40 days if the half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days?